Bioavailability of Engineered Nanoparticles in Soil Systems
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 20, Issue 1
Abstract
Nanotechnologies form a field of research that is still emerging with major gaps in knowledge regarding the behavior and potential toxicological risks of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) in soils. While most of the studies are conducted in porous media (quartz and glass beads) and culture media, less frequently are the studies carried out in natural soils. However, the complex interactions occurring in soils, mediated by both soil components and soil organisms, are essential in bioavailability processes. Therefore, this paper is intended to highlight particularly the bioavailability of ENPs in soils. The potential release pathways of ENPs to soils are described and are faced with a lack of specific regulation and definitive nomenclature. This paper reviews a number of studies regarding ENP toxicological bioavailability on microorganisms and microfauna, mesofauna, and macrofauna inhabiting the soil, as well as on soil-plant systems. The paper especially discusses ENP behavior in soils that affect ENP bioavailability to the edaphic biota. Particular attention is paid to the factors regulating these processes [i.e., (1) ENP-dependent factors, (2) soil properties, and (3) soil components], focusing on organic matter.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to thank Dr. S. K. Brar and Dr. M. Cledon for the invitation to write this paper. The writers especially wish to thank Dr. Gregory Seiller for support with the graphics, as well as the comments and suggestions of the editor and anonymous referees.
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Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 20 • Issue 1 • January 2016
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© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jul 11, 2014
Accepted: Nov 5, 2014
Published online: Jan 8, 2015
Discussion open until: Jun 8, 2015
Published in print: Jan 1, 2016
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