Evaluating a Probabilistic Approach for Simulating Pathogen Removal at a Riverbank Filtration Site in India
Publication: Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 15, Issue 2
Abstract
In this paper, concentrations of pathogens in the influent and bank filtrate water at a riverbank filtration (RBF) site in Haridwar, India, are simulated by using a probabilistic approach. During the study of the RBF water quality in Haridwar in 2005–2006, it was observed that the river water does not meet World Health Organization and other Bureau of Indian Standards requirements for drinking water quality, especially with respect to bacteriological water quality, i.e., total coliform and fecal coliform levels, and therefore, changes to the river water quality as it moves to an infiltration well are of much relevance. By using the river water quality and the quality of abstracted water from nearby pumping wells, a probabilistic approach is used to study the variation of probability of clogging under different bacteriological qualities of source water. It is observed that the probability of clogging the pores varies with the natural logarithm of the concentrations of pathogens in source water, and the probabilistic approach has the potential to be used to simulate variations in pathogens in riverbank filtrate.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work reported in this paper uses data collected during an European Union–India Economic Cross Cultural Programme (ECCP) project in which several partners from Europe and India participated. The data reported in this paper were collected by Mr. Aseem Kumar Thakur, a coauthor in the paper. Cornellius Sandhu helped with data collection in the intial stages and the second writer would like to acknowledge his help. The authors would like to acknowledge the help of their European partners, mainly Prof. T. Grischek, from the University of Applied Sciences, Germany, and the European Coordinators of the project, Prof. W. Rauch and Prof. B. Wett, from the University of Innsbruck, Austria. The help of Prof. C. Ray from the University of Hawaii, United States, and financial support of Eurpean Union is also gratefully acknowledged. Dr. Bhism Kumar, Incharge, Isotope Division, National Institute of Hydrology, Roorkee, India, is also gratefully acknowledged for allowing the use of the NIH isotope laboratory and for his interpretation of the travel time estimation results. Also, the financial support of the Department of Science and Technology and German Ministry for Education and Research (DST-BMBF) project on the clogging of riverbank filtration sites in Uttranchal is gratefully acknowledged. The probabilistic approach outlined here is the writers’ own work and does not form part of the EU-ECCP project.
References
American Public Health Association (APHA). (1998). Standard method for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th Ed., American Public Health Association/American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation (APHA-AWWA-WEF), Washington, DC.
Baveye, P., Berger, P., Schijven, J., and Grischek, T. (2003). “Research needs to improve the understanding of riverbank filtration for pathogenic microorganism removal.” Riverbank filtration: Improving source-water quality, C. Ray, G. Melin, and R. Linsky, eds., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 311–319.
Berger, P. (2002). “Removal of cryptosporidium using bank filtration.” Riverbank filtration: Understanding contaminant biogeochemistry and pathogen removal, C. Ray, ed., Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 85–121.
Bureau of Indian Standards. (2003). “Drinking water-specification.” IS10500:1991 (first revision, incorporating amendment nos. 1 & 2) Manak Bhavan, 9 Bahdur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India.
Carun, G. F., Hubbs, S. A., Frost, F., Calderon, R. L., and Via, S. H. (1998). “Waterborne outbreaks of Cryptosporidiosis.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 90(9), 81–91.
Futrado, C., Adak, G. K., Stuart, J. M., Wall, P. G., Evans, H. S., and Casemore, D. P. (1998). “Outbreaks of waterborne infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales, 1992–5.” Epidemiol. Infection, 121(1), 109–119.
Grischek, T., Hiscock, K., Schoenheinz, D., and Worch, E. (2002). “Bank filtration in Europe—An overview of aquifer conditions and hydraulic controls.” Management of aquifer recharge for sustainability, P. Dillon, ed., Balkema, Lisse, The Netherlands, 485–488.
Lack, T. (1999). “Water and health in Europe: An overview.” Br. Med. J., 318, 1678–1682.
Morris, B. L., and Foster, S. S. D. (2000). “Cryptospordium contamination hazard assessment and risk management for British groundwater sources.” Water Sci. Technol., 41(7), 67–77.
Ojha, C. S. P., and Graham, N. J. D. (1994). “Computer aided simulation of slow sand filter performance.” Water Res., 28(5), 1025–1030.
Ojha, C. S. P., and Graham, N. J. D. (1996). “Numerical assessment of microbial interactions in slow sand filtration.” Advances in slow sand and alternative biological filtration, N. J. D. Graham and P. Collins, eds., Wiley, London, 297–310.
Ojha, C. S. P., Grischek, T., and Thakur, A. K. (2006). “Report entitled studies on river bank filtration at Haridwar, India.” EU-India Project No. ASIE/2004/095-733, IIT Roorkee, India, 1–45.
Ray, C., Grischek, T., Schubert, J., Wang, J. Z., and Speth, T. F. (2002a). “A perspective of riverbank filtration.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 94(4), 149–160.
Ray C., Melin G., and Linsky R., eds. (2002b). Riverbank filtration—Improving source-water quality, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1–18.
Sakthivadivel, R., and Einstein, H. A. (1970). “Clogging of porous column of spheres by sediment.” J. Hydraul. Div., 96(2), 461–472.
Thakur, A. K. (2007). “Study of water quality in river bank filtration.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, India.
Thakur, A. K., and Ojha, C. S. P. (2004). “Preliminary assessment of river bank filtration potential at Patna.” Int. Workshop on Riverbank Filtration, Hawaii Water Resources Research Center, Univ. of Hawaii, Manoa, Hawaii, 113–130.
Weiss, W. J., et al. (2003). “Riverbank filtration—Fate of DBP precursors and selected microorganisms.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc., 95(10), 68–81.
World Health Organization. (1993). Guidelines for drinking water quality, 2nd Ed., Vol. 1, Geneva.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste
Volume 15 • Issue 2 • April 2011
Pages: 64 - 69
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 7, 2009
Accepted: Jul 28, 2010
Published online: Aug 31, 2010
Published in print: Apr 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.