Performance of Intrusive Phase-Detection Probe with Large Sensor Size in Air-Water Flow Measurement and Application to Prototype Hydraulic Jump Study
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 11
Abstract
A major challenge of prototype air-water flow measurement is the limited endurance of fragile phase-detection needle sensors in a high-momentum flow with risks of debris damage and particulate erosion. In the present study, a thick-tip conductivity probe is manufactured with sturdier needle sensors than the commonly used laboratory-sized probes. The large sensor tip had low chance to pierce small air bubbles and water droplets, leading to deterioration in the signal output quality, which prevents derivation of basic air-water flow properties using the conventional signal processing technique. To extract valid phase information from the low-quality signal, calibration experiments were conducted in laboratory with reference to a regular-sized probe, to explore a proper signal processing method for the thick-tip probe. The method was validated, and the thick-tip probe was deployed in a field hydraulic jump measurement, allowing for access to the air-water flow characteristics of the prototype D-type jump with a Reynolds number of . Despite the effort of signal calibration and compensation, the use of the thick-tip probe does not guarantee accurate bubble size measurement and requires higher sampling frequencies. Therefore, probes with fine sensor tips are still preferable in prototype measurement.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some data and code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. Available data include raw signals of the thick-tip probe collected in the prototype study and the data used to produce the figures in this paper.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the Yongcheng Water Conservancy Bureau, Henan Province, China, for the support for the prototype measurement. This work was sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51909180) and the Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (Grant No. 2022NSFSC0970).
References
Bai, Z., R. Bai, R. Tang, H. Wang, and S. Liu. 2021. “Case study of prototype hydraulic jump on slope: Air entrainment and free-surface measurement.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 147 (9): 05021007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001916.
Cain, P., and I. Wood. 1981. “Measurements of self-aerated flow on a spillway.” J. Hydraul. Div. 107 (11): 1425–1444. https://doi.org/10.1061/JYCEAJ.0005761.
Cartellier, A., and J. L. Achard. 1991. “Local phase detection probes in fluid/fluid two-phase flows.” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62 (2): 279–303. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1142117.
Chanson, H. 1997. Air bubble entrainment in free-surface turbulent shear flows. San Diego: Academic Press.
Chanson, H. 2013. “Hydraulics of aerated flows: Qui pro quo?” J. Hydraul. Res. 51 (3): 223–243. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2013.795917.
Chanson, H., and T. Brattberg. 2000. “Experimental study of the air-water shear flow in a hydraulic jump.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 26 (4): 583–607. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(99)00016-6.
Chanson, H., X. Leng, and H. Wang. 2021. “Challenging hydraulic structures of the twenty-first century—From bubbles, transient turbulence to fish passage.” J. Hydraul. Res. 59 (1): 21–35. https://doi.org/10.1080/00221686.2020.1871429.
Chanson, H., and L. Toombes. 2002a. “Air-water flows down stepped chutes: Turbulence and flow structure observations.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 28 (11): 1737–1761. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0301-9322(02)00089-7.
Chanson, H., and L. Toombes. 2002b. “Experimental study of gas-liquid interfacial properties in a stepped cascade flow.” Environ. Fluid Mech. 2 (3): 241–263. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1019884101405.
Felder, S., and H. Chanson. 2009. “Turbulence, dynamic similarity and scale effects in high-velocity free-surface flows above a stepped chute.” Exp. Fluids 47 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00348-009-0628-3.
Felder, S., B. Hohermuth, and R. M. Boes. 2019. “High-velocity air-water flows downstream of sluice gates including selection of optimum phase-detection probe.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 116 (Jul): 203–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2019.04.015.
Felder, S., and M. Pfister. 2017. “Comparative analyses of phase-detective intrusive probes in high-velocity air–water flows.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 90 (Apr): 88–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2016.12.009.
Hohermuth, B., R. M. Boes, and S. Felder. 2021a. “High-velocity air-water flow measurements in a prototype tunnel chute: Scaling of void fraction and interfacial velocity.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 147 (11): 04021044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001936.
Hohermuth, B., M. Kramer, S. Felder, and D. Valero. 2021b. “Velocity bias in intrusive gas-liquid flow measurements.” Nat. Commun. 12 (1): 4123. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-24231-4.
Hong, M., A. Cartellier, and E. J. Hopfinger. 2004. “Characterization of phase detection optical probes for the measurement of the dispersed phase parameters in sprays.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 30 (6): 615–648. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2004.04.004.
Li, R., K. Splinter, and S. Felder. 2021. “Aligning free surface properties in time-varying hydraulic jumps.” Exp. Therm. Fluid Sci. 126 (Aug): 110392. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.expthermflusci.2021.110392.
Montano, L., and S. Felder. 2021. “Air-water flow properties in hydraulic jumps with fully and partially developed inflow conditions.” J. Fluids Eng. 143 (10): 101403. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4051199.
Shi, R., D. Wüthrich, and H. Chanson. 2021. Intrusive and non-intrusive air-water flow measurements in breaking jumps at low Froude number and large Reynolds number. Brisbane, Australia: Univ. of Queensland.
Vejrazka, J., M. Vecer, S. Orvalho, P. Sechet, M. C. Ruzicka, and A. Cartellier. 2010. “Measurement accuracy of a mono-fiber optical probe in a bubbly flow.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow 36 (7): 533–548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2010.03.007.
Wang, H., and H. Chanson. 2016. “Self-similarity and scale effects in physical modelling of hydraulic jump roller dynamics, air entrainment and turbulent scales.” Environ. Fluid Mech. 16 (6): 1087–1110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-016-9466-z.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 3, 2021
Accepted: Jul 10, 2022
Published online: Sep 14, 2022
Published in print: Nov 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Feb 14, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Rui Shi, Davide Wüthrich, Hubert Chanson, Discussion of “Performance of Intrusive Phase-Detection Probe with Large Sensor Size in Air-Water Flow Measurement and Application to Prototype Hydraulic Jump Study”, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13563, 149, 11, (2023).