Effect of Turbulence Intensity on Riprap Stability over Streambeds
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 10
Abstract
The effect of turbulence intensity on riprap stability was studied experimentally. Riprap stones were placed on a flat streambed and turbulence intensity was changed with a turbulence generator. An acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV) was used to measure turbulence intensity. Results showed that in a constant flow condition, by increasing the near-bed turbulence intensity from 10% to 25%, the stable riprap diameter increased about 2.5 times. Based on the results of the present work and using all existing data, an empirical equation was developed for calculating stable riprap stone size considering the time averaged near-bed velocity and near-bed turbulence intensity.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
References
Almeida, G. A. M., and J. P. Martín-Vide. 2009. “Riprap stability: Transverse and longitudinal versus continuous protections.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 135 (6): 447–456. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000031.
Amirshahi, S. M., E. Kwoll, and C. Winter. 2018. “Near bed suspended sediment flux by single turbulent events.” Cont. Shelf Res. 152 (11): 76–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csr.2017.11.005.
Amirshahi, S. M., and A. R. Zarrati. 2013. “Modeling turbulence intensity in physical model.” In Proc., 9th Int. River Engineering Conf., 8. Ahvaz, Iran: Shahid Chamran Univ.
Chanson, H., M. Trevethan, and S. Aoki. 2008. “Acoustic Doppler velocimetry (ADV) in small estuary: Field experience and signal post-processing.” Flow Meas. Instrum. 19 (5): 307–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2008.03.003.
Chiew, Y. M. 1995. “Mechanics of riprap failure at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 121 (9): 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:9(635).
Escarameia, M., and R. W. P. May. 1992. Channel protection: Turbulence downstream of structures. Oxford, UK: HR Wallingford.
Izbash, S. V., and K. Y. Khaldre. 1970. Hydraulics of river channel closure. London: Butterworths.
Jesson, M., M. Sterling, and J. Bridgeman. 2013. “Despiking velocity time-series—Optimisation through the combination of spike detection and replacementmethods.” Flow Meas. Instrum. 30 (Jan): 45–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.flowmeasinst.2013.01.007.
Kang, J., S. Jung, D. Rhee, and H. Yeo. 2011. “Experimental study for the determination of the material diameter of the riprap bed protection.” Engineering 3 (10): 992–1001. https://doi.org/10.4236/eng.2011.310123.
Karimaee Tabarestani, M., and A. R. Zarrati. 2013. “Design of stable riprap around aligned and skewed rectangular bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (8): 911–916. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000731.
Marquis, G. A., and A. G. Roy. 2011. “Bridging the gap between turbulence and larger scales of flow motions in rivers.” Earth Surf. Processes Landf. 36 (4): 563–568. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.2131.
May, R. W., J. Ackers, and A. Kirby. 2002. Manual on scour at bridges and other hydraulic structures. London: Ciria.
Nelson, J. M., R. L. Shreve, S. R. McLean, and T. G. Drake. 1995. “Role of near-bed turbulence structure in bed load transport and bed form mechanics.” Water Resour. Res. 31 (8): 2071–2086. https://doi.org/10.1029/95WR00976.
Nortek Manuals. 2018. The comprehensive manual for velocimeters. Norway: Nortek Group.
Parola, A. 1993. “Stability of riprap at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 119 (10): 1080–1093. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1993)119:10(1080).
PIANC (Permanent International Association of Navigation Congresses). 1992. Guidelines for the design and construction of flexible revetments incorporating geotextiles in marine environments. Brussels, Belgium: General Secretariat of PIANC.
Pieterse, A., J. A. Puleo, T. E. Mckenna, and R. A. Aiken. 2015. “Near-bed shear stress, turbulence production and dissipation in a shallow and narrow tidal channel.” Earth Surf. Processes Landf. 40 (15): 2059–2070. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3782.
Pilarczyk, K. 2010. “Design of alternative revetments.” In Coastal and ocean engineering, 479–520. Singapore: World Scientific.
Ravindra, G. H. R., O. Gronz, J. B. Dost, and F. G. Sigtryggsdóttir. 2020. “Description of failure mechanism in placed riprap on steep slope with unsupported toe using smartstone probes.” Eng. Struct. 221 (Jan): 111038. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111038.
Roach, P. E. 1987. “The generation of nearly isotropic turbulence by means of grids.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow 8 (2): 82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-727X(87)90001-4.
Sumer, B. M., L. H. C. Chua, N.-S. Cheng, and J. Fredsøe. 2003. “Influence of turbulence on bed load sediment transport.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 129 (8): 585–596. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2003)129:8(585).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 30, 2022
Accepted: May 18, 2022
Published online: Jul 21, 2022
Published in print: Oct 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Dec 21, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Sina Sadeghfam, Marjan Moazamnia, Rahman Khatibi, Mathematical Treatment of Bimodality for the Safety Factor in Riverbank Stability Analysis Using Cusp Catastrophe, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-8532, 23, 11, (2023).