Reservoir Level Rise under Extreme Driftwood Blockage at Ogee Crest
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 1
Abstract
Dams are civil structures essential to modern civilization. However, they can be a threat if not properly designed and operated. A particular risk that potentially can lead to dam failure is the blocking of the spillway inlet with driftwood or debris. This study investigated, on the basis of physical modeling, this blocking as well as the related backwater rise and discharge-capacity reduction. Considerable quantities of driftwood were supplied upstream of an ogee weir with piers, and the subsequent reservoir level rise was measured. Particular focus was placed on extreme events in terms of driftwood occurrence (volume) and discharges (design value). It was found that a gated ogee blocked with driftwood performs with a reduced discharge coefficient as long as no countermeasures are taken, such as pier overhang, the removal of piers, or the installation of a rack. The performance of these countermeasures was studied, and criteria were developed to control the perturbing effect of driftwood.
Formats available
You can view the full content in the following formats:
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article (Tables 1–4).
Acknowledgments
The Energy Research Unit of the Swiss Federal Office of Energy (BFE) and the University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland (HES-SO) funded the study. The authors acknowledge the Service des Parcs et Promenades de la Ville de Fribourg for the driftwood.
References
BAFU (Bundesamt für Umwelt). 2019. Schwemmholz in Fliessgewässern. Bern, Switzerland: Swiss Federal Office for the Environnment.
Bénet, L. 2019. “Etude de l’effet des bois flottants bloquant un évacuateur de crue.” [In French.] B.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Haute Ecole d’Ingénierie et d’Architecture de Fribourg.
Bezzola, G. R., and C. Hegg. 2007. Ereignisanalyse Hochwasser 2005. [In German.] Bern, Switzerland: Bundesamt für Umwelt and Eidgenössische Forschungsanstalt für Wald, Schnee und Landschaft.
Bruschin, J., S. Bauer, P. Delley, and G. Trucco. 1981. “The overtopping of the Palagnedra dam.” Water Power Dam Constr. 34 (1): 13–19.
ETH (Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule). 2018. Klimaszenarien CH2018: Die Schweiz erwärmt sich weiter. Zürich, Switzerland: ETH Zürich.
FHWA (Federal Highway Administration). 2005. Debris control structures, evaluation and countermeasures. FHWA-IF-04-016. Washington, DC: FHWA.
Furlan, P. 2019. “Blocking probability of large wood and resulting head increase at ogee crest spillways.” Ph.D. thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne. https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/264198.
Godtland, K., and E. Tesaker. 1994. “Clogging of spillways by trash.” In Proc., Int. Conf. ICOLD, 543–557. Paris: International Commission on Large Dams.
Hager, W. H., A. J. Schleiss, R. M. Boes, and M. Pfister. 2020. Hydraulic engineering of dams. London: Taylor and Francis.
Hartlieb, A. 2012a. “Large-scale hydraulic model tests for floating debris jams at spillways.” In Proc., 2nd IAHR Europe Congress. Beijing: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.
Hartlieb, A. 2012b. “Modellversuche zur Verklausung von Hochwasserentlastungsanalgen mit Schwemmholz.” [In German.] WasserWirtschaft 102 (6): 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1365/s35147-012-0277-y.
Hartlieb, A., and G. R. Bezzola. 2000. “Ein Überblick zur Schwemmholzproblematik.” [In German.] Wasser Energie Luft 92 (1–2): 1–5.
Hartung, F., and J. Knauss. 1976. “Considerations for spillways exposed to dangerous clogging conditions.” In Proc., Int. Conf. ICOLD, 741–749. Paris: International Commission on Large Dams.
Johansson, N., and M. Cederström. 1995. “Floating debris and spillways.” In Proc., Int. Conf. Waterpower ’95, 2106–2115. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Lange, D., and G. R. Bezzola. 2006. Schwemmholz, Probleme und Lösungsansätze. [In German.] Zürich, Switzerland: ETH Zürich.
Lassus, C., J. Vermeulen, C. Idelon, and G. Guyot. 2019. “Influence of log jam visor on flow rate at a standard spillway.” In Proc., 38th IAHR World Congress, 536–546. Beijing: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.
Le Lay, Y.-R., and B. Moulin. 2007. “Les barrages face à la problématique des bois flottants: Collecte, traitement et valorization.” [In French.] La Houille Blanche 3 (Jun): 96–103. https://doi.org/10.1051/lhb:2007041.
Möller, G., V. Weitbrecht, and D. Nussle. 2009. “Matteschwelle Bern—Erkenntnisse zur Hochwassersicherheit aus hydraulischen Modellversuchen.” [In German.] Wasser Energie Luft 101 (2): 83–88.
Perham, E. R. 1986. Floating debris control system for hydroelectric plant intakes, 1–3. Washington, DC: USACE.
Pfister, M. 2010. “Schwemmholzrückhalt beim Einlaufbauwerk zum Lyssbachstollen.” [In German.] Wasser Energie Luft 102 (4): 275–280.
Pfister, M., D. Capobianco, B. Tullis, and A. J. Schleiss. 2013. “Debris blocking sensitivity of piano key weirs under reservoir type approach flow.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (11): 1134–1141. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000780.
Rickli, C., and J. Hess. 2009. Aspects de la formation des bois flottants. [In French.] Cours de formation continue KHOS. Fribourg, Switzerland: Protection contre les crues.
Schalko, I., C. Lageder, L. Schmocker, V. Weitbrecht, and R. M. Boes. 2019a. “Laboratory flume experiments on the formation of spanwise large wood accumulations: I. Effect on backwater rise.” Water Resour. Res. 55 (6): 4871–4885. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018WR024649.
Schalko, I., L. Schmocker, V. Weitbrecht, and R. M. Boes. 2018. “Backwater rise due to large wood accumulations.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 144 (9): 04018056. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001501.
Schalko, I., L. Schmocker, V. Weitbrecht, and R. M. Boes. 2019b. “Risk reduction measures of large wood accumulations at bridges.” Environ. Fluid Mech. 2019 (Oct): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10652-019-09719-4.
Schmocker, L. 2017. “Floating debris retention racks at dam spillways.” In Proc., 37th IAHR World Congress, 1–8. Beijing: International Association for Hydro-Environment Engineering and Research.
Schmocker, L., and W. H. Hager. 2013. “Scale modelling of wooden debris accumulation at a debris rack.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (8): 827–836. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000714.
Schmocker, L., and V. Weitbrecht. 2013. “Driftwood: Risk analysis and engineering measures.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (7): 683–695. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000728.
STK (Schweizerisches Talsperrenkomitee). 2017. Floating debris at reservoir dam spillways. Lucerne, Switzerland: STK.
USACE. 1987. Floating debris control: A literature review. Washington, DC: USACE.
USACE. 1997. Debris control at hydraulic structures in selected areas of the United States and Europe. Washington, DC: USACE.
Venetz, P. 2014. “Sensitivity of piano key weirs regarding drift wood blockage under channel-type approach flow.” M.Sc. thesis, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne.
Vischer, D. L., and W. H. Hager. 1999. Dam hydraulics. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Walker, K., J. Hasenbalg, S. Monahan, and N. Sprague. 2018. “Physical model of spillway and reservoir debris interaction.” In Proc., USSD Conf. and Exhibition, 1–16. Denver: United States Society on Dams.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 1 • January 2021
Copyright
This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
History
Received: Sep 18, 2019
Accepted: Jun 15, 2020
Published online: Oct 19, 2020
Published in print: Jan 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Mar 19, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.