Skeletonizing Pipes in Series within Urban Water Distribution Systems Using a Transient-Based Method
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 145, Issue 2
Abstract
Many skeletonization methods are available to simplify the configuration of urban water distribution systems (WDS) to enable hydraulic modeling and analysis. However, these approaches are generally based on steady-state hydraulic analysis, and hence the skeletonized systems cannot represent the underlying transient properties of the original systems, resulting in potential risk when handling transient events (e.g., pipe bursts). To this end, this paper proposes a transient-based method to ensure the skeletonized systems can capture the overall transient properties of the original WDS. Two criteria are proposed as principles to skeletonize pipes in series, and three assessment metrics are adopted to evaluate the transient performance of the skeletonized systems. Two WDS are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. Results show that the skeletonized systems produced by the proposed approach match well with the original WDS in transient dynamics. Although not all transient details can be captured, the proposed approach significantly outperforms the traditional steady-state–based method. The proposed approach offers an important tool to enable effective skeletonization of WDS for transient modeling and analysis.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Corresponding author Professor Zheng was funded by The National Science and Technology Major Project for Water Pollution Control and Treatment (2017ZX07201004) and The National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51708491). Dr. Duan was supported by the Hong Kong Research Grants Council (RGC) under Project No. 15201017. Professor Guo was supported by the IWHR Research & Development Support Program (Grant No. HY0145B802017).
References
Anderson, E. J., and K. H. Al-Jamal. 1995. “Hydraulic-network simplification.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 121 (3): 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9496(1995)121:3(235).
Arsene, C. T. C., and B. Gabrys. 2014. “Mixed simulation-state estimation of water distribution systems based on a least squares loop flows state estimator.” Appl. Math. Modell. 38 (2): 599–619. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2013.06.012.
Bahadur, R., J. Johnson, R. Janke, and W. B. Samuels. 2006. “Impact of model skeletonization on water distribution model parameters as related to water quality and contaminant consequence assessment.” In Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis Symp. 2006, 1–10. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Boulos, P. F., B. W. Karney, D. J. Wood, and S. Lingireddy. 2005. “Hydraulic transient guidelines for protecting water distribution systems.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 97 (5): 111–124. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10892.x.
Cesario, L. 1995. Modeling, analysis, and design of water distribution systems. Denver: American Water Works Association.
Chaudhry, M. H. 2014. Applied hydraulic transients. New York: Springer.
Davis, M. J., and R. Janke. 2015. “Influence of network model detail on estimated health effects of drinking water contamination events.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 141 (1): 04014044. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000436.
Deuerlein, J. W. 2008. “Decomposition model of a general water supply network graph.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 134 (6): 822–832. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:6(822).
Duan, H. F., and P. J. Lee. 2015. “Transient-based frequency domain method for dead-end side branch detection in reservoir pipeline-valve systems.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 142 (2): 04015042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001070.
Duan, H. F., S. Meniconi, P. J. Lee, B. Brunone, and M. S. Ghidaoui. 2017. “Local and integral energy-based evaluation for the unsteady friction relevance in transient pipe flows.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 143 (7): 04017015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001304.
Duzinkiewicz, K., and A. Ciminski. 2006. “Drinking water distribution system modeling: An approach to skeletonization.” IFAC Proc. 39 (14): 244–249. https://doi.org/10.3182/20060830-2-SF-4903.00043.
Ebacher, G., M. C. Besner, J. Lavoie, B. S. Jung, B. W. Karney, and M. Prévost. 2011. “Transient modeling of a full-scale distribution system: Comparison with field data.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 137 (2): 173–182. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000109.
Gad, A. A. M., and H. I. Mohammed. 2014. “Impact of pipes networks simplification on water hammer phenomenon.” Sadhana 39 (5): 1227–1244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12046-014-0260-7.
Gong, J., M. F. Lambert, A. R. Simpson, and A. C. Zecchin. 2014. “Detection of localized deterioration distributed along single pipelines by reconstructive MOC analysis.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 140 (2): 190–198. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000806.
Grayman, W. M., R. M. Males, and R. M. Clark. 1991. “The effects of skeletonization on distribution system modeling.” In Proc., AWWA Seminar on Computers in the Water Industry, 661–684. Denver: American Water Works Association.
Grayman, W. M., and H. Rhee. 2000. “Assessment of skeletonization in network models.” In Proc., ASCE Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management Conf. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Hellbach, C., M. Möderl, R. Sitzenfrei, and W. Rauch. 2011. “Influence of network properties and model purpose on the level of skeletonization.” In Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2011: Bearing Knowledge for Sustainability, 137–145. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Huang, Y., H.-F. Duan, M. Zhao, Q. Zhang, H. Zhao, and K. Zhang. 2017. “Probabilistic analysis and evaluation of nodal demand effect on transient analysis in urban water distribution systems.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 143 (8): 04017041. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000797.
Jung, B. S., P. F. Boulos, and D. J. Wood. 2007. “Pitfalls of water distribution model skeletonization for surge analysis.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 99 (12): 87–98. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2007.tb08109.x.
Kapelan, Z. S., D. A. Savic, and G. A. Walters. 2007. “Calibration of water distribution hydraulic models using a Bayesian-type procedure.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 133 (8): 927–936. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2007)133:8(927).
Lee, P. J., J. P. Vítkovský, M. F. Lambert, A. R. Simpson, and J. A. Liggett. 2008. “Discrete blockage detection in pipelines using the frequency response diagram: Numerical study.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 134 (5): 658–663. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2008)134:5(658).
Martin, C. S. 2000. Hydraulic transient design for pipeline systems. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Martínez-Solano, F. J., P. L. Iglesias-Rey, D. Mora-Meliá, and V. S. Fuertes-Miquel. 2017. “Exact skeletonization method in water distribution systems for hydraulic and quality models.” Procedia Eng. 186: 286–293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2017.03.246.
McInnis, D., and B. W. Karney. 1995. “Transients in distribution networks: Field tests and demand models.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 121 (3): 218–231. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1995)121:3(218).
Meniconi, S., B. Brunone, M. Ferrante, C. Carrettini, C. Chiesa, C. Capponi, and D. Segalini. 2014. “The skeletonization of Milan WDS on transients due to pumping switching off: Preliminary results.” Procedia Eng. 70: 1131–1136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2014.02.125.
Meniconi, S., H. F. Duan, P. J. Lee, B. Brunone, M. S. Ghidaoui, and M. Ferrante. 2013. “Experimental investigation of coupled frequency and time-domain transient test-based techniques for partial blockage detection in pipelines.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 139 (10): 1033–1040. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000768.
Perelman, L., and A. Ostfeld. 2011. “Topological clustering for water distribution systems analysis.” Environ. Modell. Software 26 (7): 969–972. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2011.01.006.
Rathnayaka, S., R. Keller, J. Kodikara, and L. Chik. 2016. “Numerical simulation of pressure transients in water supply networks as applicable to critical water pipe asset management.” J. Water Resour. Plann. Manage. 142 (6): 04016006. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)WR.1943-5452.0000636.
Saldarriaga, J. G., S. Ochoa, D. Rodriguez, and J. Arbeláez. 2008. “Water distribution network skeletonization using the resilience concept.” In Proc., Water Distribution Systems Analysis 2008. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Walski, T. M., D. V. Chase, D. A. Savic, W. M. Grayman, S. Beckwith, and E. Koelle. 2003. Advanced water distribution modeling and management. Waterbury, CT: Haestead Press.
Walski, T. M., J.-L. Daviau, and S. Coran. 2004. “Effect of skeletonization on transient analysis results.” In Proc., ASCE EWRI Conf. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Wood, D. J., S. Lingireddy, P. F. Boulos, B. W. Karney, and D. L. McPherson. 2005. “Numerical methods for modeling transient flow in distribution systems.” J. Am. Water Works Assoc. 97 (7): 104–115. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.2005.tb10936.x.
Wylie, E. B., V. L. Streeter, and L. Suo. 1993. Fluid transients in systems. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Zheng, F., A. R. Simpson, and A. C. Zecchin. 2011. “A combined NLP-differential evolution algorithm approach for the optimization of looped water distribution systems.” Water Resour. Res. 47 (8): 2924–2930. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011WR010394.
Zheng, F., A. Zecchin, J. Newman, H. Maier, and G. Dandy. 2017. “An adaptive convergence-trajectory controlled ant colony optimization algorithm with application to water distribution system design problems.” IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 21 (5): 773–791. https://doi.org/10.1109/TEVC.2017.2682899.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 27, 2018
Accepted: Jul 27, 2018
Published online: Nov 19, 2018
Published in print: Feb 1, 2019
Discussion open until: Apr 19, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.