Trajectories of Air-Water Bubbly Jets in Crossflows
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 7
Abstract
Trajectories of bubbly jets in crossflows by injecting air-water mixtures vertically through a circular nozzle were experimentally studied. Bubbles separated from the water jets in strong crossflow, similarly to that of multiphase plumes in crossflow reported in the literature. Based on dimensional analysis, a semiempirical relation was developed to predict the separation height for bubbly jets with strong initial momentum. Centerline trajectories of both the water and air phases of bubbly jets were examined. After the separation, the air-phase centerlines can be treated as straight lines. The spreading rates of half-thickness and half-width of the air phase were studied along the air-phase centerline. They decreased substantially after the bubble separation from the water jets and their terminal values appeared to increase with mean bubble diameter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The writers thank P. Fedun for building the experimental apparatus. The writers are also thankful to Dr. Scott Socolofsky and other anonymous reviewers for their comments.
References
Bandara, U. C., and Yapa, P. D. (2011). “Bubble sizes, breakup, and coalescence in deepwater gas/oil plumes.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 729–738.
Brennen, C. E. (2005). Fundamentals of multiphase flows, Cambridge University Press, New York.
Chen, F. H., and Yapa, P. D. (2004). “Modeling gas separation from a bent deepwater oil and gas jet/plume.” J. Mar. Syst., 45(3–4), 189–203.
Clift, R., Grace, J. R., and Weber, M. E. (1978). Bubbles, drops and particles, Academic, New York.
Fanneløp, T. K., Hirschberg, S., and Küffer, J. (1991). “Surface current and recirculating cells generated by bubble curtains and jets.” J. Fluid Mech., 229, 629–657.
Hodgson, J. E. (1991). “Turbulent jet discharges in rivers.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Hodgson, J. E., and Rajaratnam, N. (1992). “An experimental study of jet dilution in crossflows.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 19(5), 733–743.
Iguchi, M., Okita, K., Nakatani, T., and Kasai, N. (1997). “Structure of turbulent round bubbling jet generated by premixed gas and liquid injection.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 23(2), 249–262.
Jirka, G. (2004). “Integral model for turbulent buoyant jets in unbounded stratified flows. Part I: Single round jet.” Environ. Fluid Mech., 4(1), 1–56.
Johansen, O. (2000). “DeepBlow—A Lagrangian plume model for deep water blowouts.” Spill Sci. Technol. Bull., 6(2), 103–111.
Kumar, S., Nikitopoulos, D. N., and Michaelides, E. E. (1989). “Effect of bubbles on the turbulence near the exit of a liquid jet.” Exp. Fluids, 7(7), 487–494.
Lee, J. H. W., and Cheung, V. (1990). “Generalized Lagrangian model for buoyant jets in current.” J. Environ. Eng., 1085–1106.
Lee, J. H. W., and Chu, V. H. (2003). Turbulent jets and plumes–A Lagrangian approach, Kluwer, Norwell, MA.
Lima Neto, I. E. (2012). “Modeling the liquid volume flux in bubbly jets using a simple integral approach.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 210–215.
Lima Neto, I. E., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2008a). “Bubbly jets in stagnant water.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 34(12), 1130–1141.
Lima Neto, I. E., Zhu, D. Z., and Rajaratnam, N. (2008b). “Horizontal injection of gas-liquid mixtures in a water tank.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1722–1731.
Lima Neto, I. E., Zhu, D. Z., Rajaratnam, N., Yu, T., Spafford, M., and McEachern, P. (2007). “Dissolved oxygen downstream of an effluent outfall in an ice-cover river: Natural and artificial aeration.” J. Environ. Eng., 1051–1060.
Manasseh, R., Yoshida, S., and Kajio, N. (1998). “Bubble trajectory bifurcations in crossflow.” Proc., Australasian Fluid Mechanics Conf., Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Clayton South, Australia, 13–18.
Milenkovic, R., Sigg, B., and Yadigaroglu, G. (2005). “Study of periodically excited bubbly jets by PIV and double optical sensors.” Int. J. Heat Fluid Flow, 26(6), 922–930.
Milgram, J. H. (1983). “Mean flow in round bubble plumes.” J. Fluid Mech., 133, 345–376.
Rajaratnam, N. (1976). Turbulent jets, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Socolofsky, S. A., and Adams, E. E. (2002). “Multi-phase plumes in uniform and stratified crossflow.” J. Hydraul. Res., 40(6), 661–672.
Stanley, K. N., and Nikitopoulos, D. E. (1996). “Bubble measurements in a gas-liquid jet.” Chem. Eng. Comm., 143(1), 1–22.
Sun, T. Y., and Faeth, G. M. (1986a). “Structure of turbulent bubbly jets. I: Methods and centerline properties.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12(1), 99–114.
Sun, T. Y., and Faeth, G. M. (1986b). “Structure of turbulent bubbly jets. II: Phase property profiles.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 12(1), 115–126.
Wright, S. J. (1977a). “Effects of ambient crossflows and density stratification on the characteristic behaviour of round turbulent buoyant jets.” Ph.D. thesis, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA.
Wright, S. J. (1977b). “Mean behavior of buoyant jet in a crossflow.” J. Hydr. Div. ASCE, 103(HY5), 499–513.
Yapa, P. D., Dasanayaka, L. K., Bandara, U. C., and Nakata, K. (2010). “A model to simulate the transport and fate of gas and hydrates released in deepwater.” J. Hydraul. Res., 48(5), 559–572.
Zhang, W. M. (2012). “Air injection for river water quality improvement.” Ph.D. thesis, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.
Zhang, W. M., and Zhu, D. Z. (2011). “Near-field mixing downstream of a multiport diffuser in a shallow river.” J. Environ. Eng., 230–240.
Zhang, W. M., and Zhu, D. Z. (2013). “Bubble characteristics of air-water bubbly jets in crossflow.” Int. J. Multiphase Flow, 55(1), 156–171.
Zheng, L., Yapa, P. D., and Chen, F. H. (2003). “A model for simulating deepwater oil and gas blowouts—Part I: Theory and model formulation.” J. Hydraul. Res., 41(4), 339–351.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 7 • July 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 2, 2013
Accepted: Feb 10, 2014
Published online: Mar 17, 2014
Published in print: Jul 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 17, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.