Unsteady Seepage Applied to Lining Design in Stilling Basins
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 7
Abstract
Cases of damages experienced in stilling basins and on the toe of chute spillways are recognized to be due to global instantaneous uplift force resulting from imbalance between the instantaneous pressure distribution both above and below slabs. The latter is due to pressure fluctuation propagation forced though unsealed slab joints. In the past, several theoretical approaches were developed to estimate the uplift contribution due to pressure transmission underneath the slabs. In the paper, a model is presented, based on unsteady flow analysis of seepage through porous media, that shows that the propagation models proposed in literature are particular cases of this more comprehensive formulation. In addition, the use of the unsteady seepage model makes it possible to account for finite thickness foundation layers, typical in the cases of earth dams, rock-fill dams, and in other dam types, whenever the slabs are posed on alluvial substrates. Experimental results obtained in laboratory facilities, as reported in literature, might underestimate the stable slab thickness due to limits in accurately reproducing the foundation layer.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Armenio, V., Toscano, P., and Fiorotto, V. (2000). “On the effects of a negative step in pressure fluctuations at the bottom of a hydraulic jump.” J. Hydraul. Res., 38(5), 359–368.
Batu, V. (1998). Aquifer hydraulics: A comprehensive guide to hydrogeologic data analysis, Wiley, New York.
Bear, J. (1972). Dynamics of fluid in porous media, Elsevier, New York.
Bear, J., and Sorek, S. (1990). “Evolution of governing mass and momentum balances following an abrupt pressure impact in a porous medium.” Transport Porous Media, 5(2), 169–185.
Bellin, A., and Fiorotto, V. (1995). “Direct dynamic force measurement on slab in spillway stilling basin.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 686–693.
Bollaert, E., and Schleiss, A. (2003a). “Scour of rock due to the impact of plunging high velocity jets. Part I: A state-of-the-art review.” J. Hydraul. Res., 41(5), 451–464.
Bollaert, E., and Schleiss, A. (2003b). “Scour of rock due to the impact of plunging high velocity jets. Part II: Experimental results of dynamic pressures at pool bottoms and in one- and two-dimensional closed-end rock joints.” J. Hydraul. Res., 41(5), 465–480.
Bollaert, E., and Schleiss, A. (2005). “Physically based model for evaluation of rock scour due to high-velocity jet impact.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 153–165.
Bowers, C. E., and Toso, J. (1988). “Karnafouli project, model studies of spillway damage.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 469–483.
Caroni, E., Fiorotto, V., and Belicchi, M. (2002). “Slab stability in hydraulic jump stilling basins as derived from physical modeling.” Rock scour due to falling high velocity jets, A. Schleiss and E. Bollaert, eds., Balkema, Lisse, 43–54.
de Marsily, G. (1986). Quantitative hydrogeology, Academic Press, Orlando, FL.
Deng, Z., Guensch, G. R., Richmond, M. C., Weiland, M. A., and Carlson, T. J. (2007). “Prototype measurements of pressure fluctuations in the Dalles Dam stilling basin.” J. Hydraul. Res., 45(5), 674–678.
Ervine, D. A., Falvey, H. T., and Withers, W. (1997). “Pressure fluctuations on plunge pool floors.” J. Hydraul. Res., 35(2), 257–279.
Fiorotto, V., and Caroni, E. (2007). “Discussion of ‘Forces on plunge pool slabs: Influence of joints location and width.’ by J. F. Melo, A. N. Pinheiro, and C. M. Ramos.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 1182–1184.
Fiorotto, V., and Rinaldo, A. (1988). “Sul dimensionamento delle protezioni di fondo in bacini di dissipazione: nuovi risultati teorici e sperimentali.” Giornale del Genio Civile, (7-8-9), 179–201 (in Italian).
Fiorotto, V., and Rinaldo, A. (1992a). “Fluctuating uplift and lining design in spillway stilling basins.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 578–596.
Fiorotto, V., and Rinaldo, A. (1992b). “Turbulent pressure fluctuations under hydraulic jump.” J. Hydraul. Res., 30(4), 499–520.
Fiorotto, V., and Salandin, P. (2000). “Design of anchored slabs in spillway stilling basins.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 502–512.
Hinze, J. O. (1959). Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Jiang, W. C., and Liang, X. R. (1983). “Discussion of ‘Propagation law of fluctuating pressure along joints applying turbulent theory’.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 53–59.
Krylov, A., Sorek, S., Levy, A., and Ben-Dor, G. (1996). “Simple waves in saturated porous media.” JSME Ser. B, 39(2), 294–298.
Liu, P. Q., and Li, A. H. (2007). “Model discussion on pressure fluctuation propagation within lining slab joints in stilling basins.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 133(6), 618–624.
Mahzari, M., and Schleiss, A. J. (2010). “Dynamic analysis of anchored concrete linings of plunge pools loaded by high velocity jet impacts issuing from dam spillways.” Dam Eng., 20(4), 307–327.
Manso, P. A., Bollaert, E., and Schleiss, A. (2009). “Influence of plunge pool geometry on high-velocity jet impact pressures and pressure propagation inside fissured rock media.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 783–792.
Melo, J. F., Pinheiro, A. N., and Ramos, C. M. (2006). “Forces on plunge pool slabs: Influence of joints location and width.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 49–60.
Sanchez Bribiesca, J. S., and Capella Viscaino, A. C. (1973). “Turbulent effects on the lining of stilling basin.” Proc. 11th Int. Congress on Large Dams, Vol. 11(Q2), Madrid, Spain, 1575–1592.
Streeter, V. L., and Wylie, E. B. (1967). Hydraulic transients, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Tennekes, H., and Lumley, J. L. (1972). A first course in turbulence, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
Toso, J. W., and Bowers, C. E. (1988). “Extreme pressures in hydraulic-jump stilling basins.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 829–843.
Zhao, Y. N., and Liang, X. R. (1988). “Propagation law of water fluctuating pressure along joints.” J. TIAN’JIN Univ., 3, 55–65.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 7 • July 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 18, 2013
Accepted: Jan 3, 2014
Published online: Mar 17, 2014
Published in print: Jul 1, 2014
Discussion open until: Aug 17, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.