Mixing of 30° and 45° Inclined Dense Jets in Shallow Coastal Waters
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 3
Abstract
This study experimentally investigates the effect of shallow water depth on the mixing of 30° and 45° inclined dense jets. Three different mixing regimes were identified, namely, the full submergence, plume contact, and centerline impingement regimes. The mixing characteristics in these three regimes, including the jet trajectory and minimum dilution at the water surface () as well as at the return point near the seabed (), were quantified with respect to the densimetric Froude number () and cover water depth (). The nondimensional cover water depth, , was found to be a suitable normalization parameter for shallow water scenarios. The transitional among the regimes, the asymptotic limits of the minimum surface dilution at large , and the various linear coefficients were also determined. Overall, it was found that the surface constraint in the plume contact and centerline impingement regimes, lengthens the jet-spreading distances and reduces the surface dilution, while the bottom dilution remains relatively constant. The results enable the assessment of the mixing characteristics of the inclined dense jet in shallow coastal waters with possible surface contact for environmental impact assessment.
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Acknowledgments
The authors acknowledge the efforts of Maria Dian Kurnia Sari and Fang Siqin on the acquisition of data. The second author acknowledges the support of the William Mong Visiting Research Fellowship during his attachment at the University of Hong Kong for this study.
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© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 14, 2012
Accepted: Aug 20, 2013
Published online: Aug 22, 2013
Discussion open until: Jan 22, 2014
Published in print: Mar 1, 2014
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