Velocity of Rolling Bed Load Particles
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 139, Issue 2
Abstract
Experimental measurements of the reach-averaged bed-load particle velocity on smooth and rough plane surfaces were analyzed for particles of different shape, size , and density . Particle types included natural quartz particles ( at ), spherical glass marbles ( at ), and spherical steel ball bearings ( at ). The velocity of 9,739 individual bed load particles continuously rolling on aluminum plates coated with a layer of sand/gravel (roughness ) was measured for 356 different conditions. For each flow condition, the reach-averaged particle velocity measurements over a 2 m test reach were repeated at least 15 times to provide mean values and standard deviations. For bed load particles rolling on smooth surfaces (), it was concluded that (1) is within of the calculated flow velocity from the vertical velocity profile at the top of the particle; (2) for spheres does not vary much with particle density; and (3) increases slightly with particle size , up to approximately . On rough surfaces (), for particles of diameter continuously rolling on a stationary bed of roughness , it was concluded that (1) bed load particles roll in continuous motion in the range ; (2) steel particles are much slower than spherical marbles (); and (3) the particle velocity increases primarily with a new parameter in the range up to a maximum . Spherical particles roll slightly faster than natural particles. In a comparison with a large data set that included 1,018 measurements, the analysis of discrepancy ratios showed that the proposed formula was in good agreement with other measurements from the literature.
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Acknowledgments
The writers would like to sincerely thank B. Blackard and C. Meier for their assistance with the laboratory measurements and the data analysis. We are also grateful to J. Guo and F. Bigillon for their comments and valuable input. Two anonymous reviewers provided numerous suggestions for improvement of this article. Finally, we also would like to thank the Ministry of Education of the Lao People Democratic Republic for the support of the second author.
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© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Jul 27, 2010
Accepted: Jul 5, 2012
Published online: Jul 23, 2012
Published in print: Feb 1, 2013
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