Riprap Sizing for Pile Groups
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 12
Abstract
This work presents results on riprap sizing for pile group protection against local scour. Shear failure mechanism is addressed, avoiding edge, bed-form undermining, and winnowing modes. The influences of the flow conditions and the distance between the piles are analyzed. As a result of a laboratory experimental campaign, and within a detailed dimensional analysis framework, the writers propose expressions for riprap block size to resist shear failure. The influence of the distance between the piles on the block size is shown to be small, and the proposed expressions compare well to some of the literature expressions for single piers.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Gonzalo Simarro was supported by the Spanish government through the Ramón y Cajal program. Christian Chreties was supported by the Agencia Nacional de Investigación e Innovación (ANII) from Uruguay. The writers would also like to thank Eduardo Díaz for his help in preparing the experiments.
References
Ataie-Ashtiani, B., and Beheshti, A. A. (2006). “Experimental investigation of clear-water local scour at pile groups.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 132(10), 1100–1104.
Cardoso, A. H., and Fael, C. M. S. (2009). “Protecting vertical-wall abutments with riprap mattresses.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 135(6), 457–465.
Cardoso, A. H., Simarro, G., Le Doucen, O., and Schleiss, A. (2010a). “Sizing of riprap for spill-through abutments.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng.: Water Manage., 163(10), 499–507.
Chiew, Y. M. (1995). “Mechanics of riprap failure at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 121(9), 635–643.
Chiew, Y. M. (2004). “Local scour and riprap stability at bridge piers in a degrading channel.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(3), 218–226.
Chiew, Y. M., and Lim, F. H. (2000). “Failure behavior of riprap layer at bridge live-bed conditions.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(1), 43–55.
Chreties, C., Simarro, G., and Teixeira, L. (2008). “A new experimental method to find equilibrium scour at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 134(10), 1491–1495.
Coleman, S. (2005). “Clearwater local scour at complex piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 131(4), 330–334.
Elliott, K. R., and Baker, C. J. (1985). “Effect of pier spacing on scour around bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 111(7), 1105–1109.
Hannah, C. R. (1978). “Scour at pile groups.” Rep. No. 78/3, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Lauchlan, C. S., and Melville, B. W. (2001). “Riprap protection at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 127(5), 412–418.
Melville, B. W. (1997). “Pier and abutment scour: Integrated approach.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 123(2), 125–136.
Melville, B. W., Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S., and Barkdoll, B. (2006). “Countermeasure toe protection at spill-through abutments.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 132(3), 431–439.
Melville, B. W., Ballegooy, S., Coleman, S., and Barkdoll, B. (2007). “Riprap size selection at wing-wall abutments.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 133(11), 1265–1269.
Melville, B. W., and Coleman, S. E. (2000). Bridge scour, Water Resources, LLC, CO.
Pagan-Ortiz, J. E. (1991). “Stability of rock riprap for protection at the toe abutments located at the floodplain.” FHWA Research Rep. No. FHWA-RD-91-057, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Parola, A. C. (1993). “Stability of riprap at bridge piers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 119(10), 1080–1093.
Richardson, E. V., and Davis, S. R. (2001). “Evaluating scour at bridges.” Rep. No. FHWA NHI 01-001, Federal Highway Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation, Washington, DC.
Salim, M., and Jones, J. S. (1999). “Scour around exposed pile foundations.” North American Water and Environment Congress & Destructive Water, ASCE, New York, 335–346.
Sheppard, D. M. (2005). Bridge scour manual, Florida Department of Transportation, Florida, FL.
Sumer, B. M., and Fredsoe, J. (2002). “The mechanics of scour in the marine environment.” Adv. Ser. Ocean Eng., Vol. 17, World Scientific, Singapore.
Vittal, N., Kothyari, U. C., and Haghghat, M. (1994). “Clear-water scour around bridge pier group.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 120(11), 1309–1318.
Zarrati, A. R., Nazariha, M., and Mashahir, M. B. (2006). “Reduction of local scour in the vicinity of bridge pier groups using collars and riprap.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 132(2), 154–162.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 12 • December 2011
Pages: 1676 - 1679
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 29, 2009
Accepted: May 16, 2011
Published online: May 18, 2011
Published in print: Dec 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.