Mathematical Modeling of Lake Tap Flows
Publication: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137, Issue 5
Abstract
A lake tap is the submerged piercing of a tunnel at the intake to connect the reservoir to the tunnel system. It is referred to as a dry lake tap if the tunnel is dry before the blasting of the last rock plug at the tunnel entrance. Transient state conditions in the tunnel following a dry lake tap are modeled using the lumped and distributed-system approaches. Fourth-order Runge-Kutta method and the method of characteristics are used in the lumped-system model and distributed-system models, respectively. The results computed by the lumped and distributed-system approaches agree with one another. Pressures computed by using distributed-system and lumped-system models are compared with the experimental results available in literature for rapid filling of a pipeline with closed end. The rate of dissipation of pressure oscillations in the measured air pressure during prototype lake tap at Crater Lake Snettisham project in Alaska, and in the experiments reported in the literature is higher than that computed by the mathematical models using steady state friction and constant wave velocity.
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Acknowledgments
The authors thank the United States Army Corps of EngineersUSACE, Alaska District, Anchorage, Alaska, for their permission for the data on Crater Lake Tap, Snettisham project, and also thank the anonymous reviewers whose comments improved the quality and presentation of this material.
References
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydraulic Engineering
Volume 137 • Issue 5 • May 2011
Pages: 611 - 614
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 5, 2008
Accepted: Oct 8, 2010
Published online: Apr 15, 2011
Published in print: May 1, 2011
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