Hydrologic Characterization of an Underdrained Porous Pavement
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 21, Issue 2
Abstract
The hydrologic behavior of an underdrained porous pavement system was characterized using an effective curve number (ECN), which is synonymous to the common runoff curve number (RCN). A model previously developed for porous pavements without an underdrain, which generates the rainfall-runoff data for the system, was modified to include an underdrain. However, the addition of an underdrain adds three new parameters (drain size, drain placement height, and drain spacing) that both influence the ECN and fundamentally change the design procedure. A sensitivity analysis was completed to quantify the impacts of different rainfall depths and distributions on this modified model. The RCN equations were then fit to the rainfall-runoff data to find the ECN value. ECN values for a wide range of pavement and underdrain configurations were summarized in figures that can be used as preliminary design aids for designers and regulators. These figures can be used to estimate the ECN value for a pavement design using only the basic pavement system, soil, and drain properties. A new design procedure was also proposed that uses these figures as a tool to estimate the required size and location of the underdrains for a pavement system to have a specified design ECN.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their input and suggestions which helped improve the paper. Dr. Martin would also like to thank the Glenn Department of Civil Engineering for the research and teaching assistantships which enabled this research.
References
Abbot, C., and Comino-Mateos, L. (2003). “In situ hydraulic performance of a permeable pavement sustainable urban drainage system.” J. Chartered Inst. Water Environ. Manage., 17(3), 187–190.
Andersen, C., Foster, I., and Pratt, C. (1999). “The role of urban surfaces (permeable pavements) in regulating drainage and evaporation: Development of a laboratory simulation experiment.” Hydrol. Processes, 13(4), 597–609.
Bean, E. Z., Hunt, W. F., and Bidelspach, D. A. (2007). “Evaluation of four permeable pavement sites in eastern North Carolina for runoff reduction and water quality impacts.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 583–592.
Bedan, E. S., and Clausen, J. C. (2009). “Stormwater runoff quality and quantity from traditional and low impact development watersheds.” JAWRA, 45(4), 998–1008.
Booth, D., and Leavitt, J. (1999). “Field evaluation of permeable pavement systems for improved stormwater management.” J. Am. Plann. Assoc., 65(3), 314–325.
Collins, K. A., Hunt, W. F., and Hathaway, J. M. (2008). “Hydrologic comparison of four types of permeable pavement and standard asphalt in eastern North Carolina.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 1146–1157.
Dreelin, E., Fowler, L., and Carroll, C. (2006). “A test of porous pavement effectiveness on clay soils during natural storm events.” Water Res., 40(4), 799–805.
Fassman, E. A., and Blackbourn, S. (2010). “Urban runoff mitigation by a permeable pavement system over impermeable soils.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 475–485.
Field, R., Tafuri, A. N., Muthukrishnan, S., Acquisto, B. A., and Selvakumar, A. (2004). “The use of best management practices (BMPs) in urban watersheds.” National Risk Management Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. EPA, Washington, DC.
Hawkins, R. H., Ward, T. J., Woodward, D. E., and Mullem, J. A. (2009). Curve number hydrology: State of the practice, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Leming, M. L., Malcom, H. R., and Tennis, P. D. (2007). Hydrologic design of pervious concrete, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
Martin, W. D., III, and Kaye, N. B. (2014). “Hydrologic characterization of undrained porous pavements.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 1069–1079.
Martin, W. D., III, and Kaye, N. B. (2015). “Characterization of undrained porous pavement systems using a broken-line model.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 04014043.
Martin, W. D., III, and Kaye, N. B., and Putman, B. J. (2015). “Effects of aggregate masking on soil infiltration under an aggregate bed.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 04015008.
Murphy, P. (2013). “The hydraulic performance of perforated pipe under-drains surrounded by loose aggregate.” M.S. thesis, Clemson Univ., Clemson, SC.
Murphy, P., Kaye, N., and Khan, A. (2014). “Hydraulic performance of aggregate beds with perforated pipe underdrains flowing full.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 04014023.
Nemirovsky, E. M., Welker, A. L., and Lee, R. (2013). “Quantifying evaporation from pervious concrete systems: Methodology and hydrologic perspective.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 271–277.
Nemirovsky, E. M., Welker, A. L., and Traver, R. G. (2011). “Evaporation from a pervious concrete stormwater control measure: Parameterization, quantifying and evaluation.” Proc., World Environmental and Water Resources Congress, ASCE, Reston, VA.
Passeport, E., and Hunt, W. F. (2009). “Asphalt parking lot runoff nutrient characterization for eight sites in North Carolina, U.S.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 352–361.
Pratt, C. J., Mantle, J. D. G., and Schofield, P. A. (1989). “Urban stormwater reduction and quality improvement through the use of permeable pavements.” Water Sci. Technol., 21(8–9), 769–778.
Radcliffe, D. E., West, L. T., and Singer, J. (2005). “Gravel effect on wastewater infiltration from septic system trenches.” Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 69(4), 1217–1224.
Schwartz, S. S. (2010). “Effective curve number and hydrologic design of pervious concrete storm-water systems.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 465–474.
Tennis, P. D., Leming, M. L., and Akers, D. J. (2004). Pervious concrete pavements, Portland Cement Association, Skokie, IL.
Tota-Maharaj, K., Scholz, M., Ahmed, T., French, C., and Pagaling, E. (2010). “The synergy of permeable pavements and geothermal heat pumps for stormwater treatment and reuse.” Environ. Technol., 31(14), 1517–1531.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 21 • Issue 2 • February 2016
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 21, 2014
Accepted: Aug 12, 2015
Published online: Oct 23, 2015
Published in print: Feb 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Mar 23, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.