Review of Groundwater Reactive Transport Models by F. Zhang, G.-T. Yeh, and J. C. Parker

Reactive transport modeling in subsurface situations is highly complex, since it involves the complexity of physical, chemical, and biological processes, as well as interactions between solutes and geological media. Developing efficient computational techniques (e.g., high-performance computing and input/output) for reactive transport modeling presents another challenge. This book collectively documents nine groundwater reactive transport models that have been developed for decades by national laboratories and academia, mainly in the United States. The selected models have been used to study a broad range of situations, including multiphase multicomponent flow, mass transport, heat transport, and geochemical reactions, in shallow and deep formations. These models are capable of simulating complex physical, chemical, and biological processes in complex geoenvironments, for example, ${\mathrm{CO}}_2$ sequestration, oil spill, gas entrapment and release, and nuclear waste repository. The book provides detailed mathematical equations for individual models, numerical schemes to solve the governing equations, and necessary examples to illustrate model capabilities. Numerical schemes to solve transport equations include finite-element (e.g., HYDROGEOCHEM, ${\mathrm{CORE}}^{2\mathrm{D}}$ V4, and NUFT), discontinuous Galerkin (e.g., IPARS), finite-difference (e.g., TOUGHREACT, RT3D, and STOMP-ECKEChem), and finite-volume (e.g., PFLOTRAN and MIN3P) methods. Some models (e.g., TOUGHREACT, MIN3P, STOMP-ECKEChem) were developed in modules such that they are easily maintained and expanded for specific purposes. Many of the models (e.g., IPARS, PFLOTRAN, NUFT, and STOMP-ECKEChem) have been parallelized for high-performance computing. The book presents comprehensive knowledge and technology on developing groundwater reactive transport models. Readers who aim to study reactive transport in porous media will find this book as a useful reference for either developing their own codes or using these existing models for their work.