Calibrated Hydrodynamic Model for Sazlıdere Watershed in Istanbul and Investigation of Urbanization Effects
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 18, Issue 1
Abstract
Protecting and improving water resources play an important role for meeting the future demand for drinking water and preventing flood events. Increasing population tends to cause a shift from rural to urban areas, which results in the alteration of concentration time, water quantity, and flow rate. Because of these changes, specific solutions need to be investigated to prevent flood and overflow. For this purpose, calibrated hydrodynamic models should be developed to understand the hydrodynamic behavior of the catchment. Sazlıdere Watershed, which provides an average of of water per year, is one of the most important watersheds of Istanbul, Turkey. There is a tremendous population increase in the area, and moderate flood events are frequently observed. Therefore, in this study, a calibrated hydrodynamic model for Sazlıdere Watershed was developed by using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The model is calibrated by using the rainfall and flow data obtained from the stations we set in the area. The most sensitive parameters of the hydrodynamic model are determined to be Manning’s roughness coefficient for both channels and subcatchments followed by the infiltration parameters, i.e., hydraulic conductivity and the initial soil-moisture condition. The flow developed on the watershed was simulated both under typical rainfall events and under extreme cases, namely, high urbanization and storm events with a high return period. It is observed that even under typical storms, floods developed on the watershed; and finally, several flood control options are suggested.
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Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Istanbul University, Project Number 4212. The authors would also like to thank the General Directorate of State Hydraulics Works (DSI), the Turkish State Meteorological Service (DMI), Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality (IBB), and Istanbul Municipality Waterworks (ISKI) for their support and valuable discussions in undertaking this work. The authors also would like to express their gratitude to the anonymous reviewers, the section editor, the associate editor, and the editor for their excellent suggestions, which strengthened the paper.
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Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 18 • Issue 1 • January 2013
Pages: 75 - 84
Copyright
© 2013 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 24, 2011
Accepted: Feb 3, 2012
Published online: Dec 16, 2012
Published in print: Jan 1, 2013
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