Generalized Mediterranean Annual Water Yield Model: Grunsky’s Equation and Long-Term Average Temperature
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 11
Abstract
To estimate mean annual water yield on ungauged watersheds, regional regression equations have been developed that are a function of upstream area, precipitation, and temperature, and are commonly used. In this study, the 100-year old Grunsky equation is used as the foundation for a fully implemented generalized Mediterranean water yield model that is based on long-term annual precipitation and temperature. The work here (1) extends and generalizes Grunsky’s equation beyond its original conditions, (2) establishes an underlying hydro-climate generalized model for average annual Mediterranean watershed water yield and loss calculation, and (3) applies the validated model to estimate watershed water yield and predict potential water yield response to watershed temperature and precipitation. The water yield model was applied to watersheds in coastal California, southern France, and Portugal, but might be applied to other Mediterranean sites for which precipitation and temperature data are available. It also can be used to examine the spatial and temporal variability for water yield and predict the effects of long-term climate changes at the regional scale.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The corresponding writer is grateful to Dr. Donald C. Slack, Prof. and Head of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering (ABE) Department of the University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, for the invitation, hospitality, and support provided during his sabbatical leave. He also wishes to thank the School of Renewable Natural Resources, where this work was completed, with partial support from the Portuguese Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT) scholarship UNSPECIFIEDSFRH/BSAB/778/2008.
References
Andréassian, V. P. J. (1992). “Comparative hydrology of Mediterranean shrublands.” M.S. thesis (Watershed Resources), Univ. of Arizona, Tucson, AZ.
Calvo-Alvarado, J. C., and Gregory, J. D. (1997). “Predicting mean annual runoff and suspended sediment yield in rural watersheds in North Carolina.” Report No. 307, Water Resources Research Institute, Univ. of North Carolina, 120.
Di Castri, F. (1981). “Mediterranean-type shrublands of the world.” Mediterranean-type shrublands, F. Di Castri, D. W. Goodall, and R. L. Specht, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, 1–52.
Gifford, G. F., Hawkins, R. H., and Williams, J. S. (1976). “Hydrologic impacts of livestock grazing on national resource lands in the San Luis Valley.” USDI Bureau of Land Management, Colorado State Office, Lakewood, CO.
Grunsky, C. E. (1908). “Rain and runoff near San Francisco, California.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., LXI(1090), 496–543.
Grunsky, C. E. (1915). “Discussion of ‘Run-off from rainfall and other data’ by A. F. Meyer.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., LXXIX, 1165.
Langbein, W. B. (1949). “Annual runoff in the United States.” U.S. Geological Survey, Circular 52.
Lu, J., Sun, G., Amatya, D. M., and McNulty, S. G. (2003). “Modeling actual evapotranspiration from forested watersheds across the Southeastern United States.” J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 39(4), 886–896.
Hawkins, R. H. (1991). “Average annual runoff from precipitation and basin factors in east central Arizona.” Proc., Arizona-Nevada Academy of Sciences Annual Meeting, Hydrology Section, 26, Arizona-Nevada Academy of Science, Glendale, AZ, 9.
Hawley, M. E., and McCuen, R. H. (1982). “Water yield estimation in western United States.” J. Irrig. Drain Div., 108(IR1), 25–34.
Horton, R. E. (1914). “Discussion on Justin, J. D. 1914. Derivation of run-off from rainfall data.” Trans. Am. Soc. Civ. Eng., LXXVII, 345–377.
Instituto da Água, I. P. (2009). “Rios de Portugal. Hidromorfologia dos Rios.” Sistema Nacional de Informação de Recursos Hídricos (SNIRH), 〈http://snirh.pt/junior/index.php?menu=2.1〉 (Feb. 5, 2009).
Justin, J. D. (1914). Derivation of Run-Off from Rainfall Data, Vol. LXXVII, ASCE, Reston, VA, 346–363.
Kolterman, C. E., and Gorelick, S. M. (1992). “Paleoclimatic signature in terrestrial flood deposits” Science, 256(5065), 1775–1782.
Nahal, I. (1981). “The Mediterranean climate from a biological viewpoint.” Mediterranean-type shrublands, F. Di Castri, D. W. Goodall, and R. L. Specht, eds., Elsevier, Amsterdam, 63–86.
Seaber, P., Kapinos, F., and Knapp, G. (1987). “Hydrologic unit maps.” USGS Water Supply Paper 2294. U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA.
Sellers, W. D. (1969). Physical climatology, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 85–89.
Sun, G., et al. (2001). “Effects of timber management on wetland hydrology in the eastern United States.” For. Ecol. Manage., 143(1–3), 227–236.
Sun, G., Zuo, C., Liu, S., Liu, M., McNulty, G. S., and Vose, J. M. (2008). “Watershed evapotranspiration increased due to changes in vegetation composition and structure under a subtropical climate.” J. Am. Water Resour. Assoc., 44(5), 1164–1175.
Vogel, R. M., Wilson, I., and Daly, C. (1999). “Regional regression models of annual streamflow for the United States.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 125(3), 148–157.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 12, 2010
Accepted: Mar 29, 2011
Published online: Mar 31, 2011
Published in print: Nov 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.