Upscaling of Coupled Land Surface Process Modeling for Heterogeneous Landscapes: Stochastic Approach
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 16, Issue 12
Abstract
Land surfaces are spatially inhomogeneous at the spatial scales of vegetation canopies to watersheds or even continents. The spatial heterogeneity strongly affects heat, momentum, and vapor exchange at the land surface. It is necessary to consider the spatial heterogeneity of land surface properties in the land surface process modeling that is required for regional hydroclimate models. The main objective of this study is to develop a stochastic upscaling methodology for land surface process modeling for heterogeneous landscapes. Fokker-Planck equation (FPE) as a probabilistic model for land surface processes is formulated in a one-dimensional probability domain for land surface temperature. The numerical solutions of the FPE are validated by Monte Carlo simulations. The validation results are quite encouraging and point toward potential use of this model as a land surface hydrologic model for the two-way nonlinear coupling with a regional atmospheric model to represent the subgrid variability of the land surface processes. Furthermore, in this study, a sensitivity analysis using the FPE was performed to investigate the sensitivity of the spatial variability of land surface temperature to the variance of land surface parameters.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ament, F., and Simmer, C. (2006). “Improved representation of land-surface heterogeneity in a non-hydrostatic numerical weather prediction model.” Boundary Layer Meteorol., 121(1), 153–174.
Anthes, R. A., and Warner, T. T. (1978). “Development of hydrodynamic models suitable for air pollution and other mesometeorological studies.” Mon. Weath. Rev., 106(8), 1045–1078.
Avissar, R., and Pielke, R. A. (1989). “A parameterization of heterogeneous land surface for atmospheric numerical models and its impact on regional meteorology.” Mon. Weath. Rev., 117(10), 2113–2136.
Chang, J. S., and Cooper, G. (1970). “A practical differences scheme for Fokker-Planck equations.” J. Comp. Phys., 6(1), 1–16.
Chen, Z. Q., Govindaraju, R. S., and Kavvas, M. L. (1994a). “Spatial averaging of unsaturated flow equations under infiltration conditions over areally heterogeneous fields. 1. Development of models.” Wat. Resour. Res., 30(2), 523–533.
Chen, Z. Q., Govindaraju, R. S., and Kavvas, M. L. (1994b). “Spatial averaging of unsaturated flow equations under infiltration conditions over areally heterogeneous fields. 2. Numerical solutions.” Wat. Resour. Res., 30(2), 535–548.
Deardorff, J. W. (1972). “Parameterization of the planetary boundary layer for use in general circulation models.” Mon. Weath. Rev., 100(2), 93–106.
Deardorff, J. W. (1974). “A three-dimensional numerical study of turbulence in an entraining mixed layer.” Boundary Layer Meteorol., 7(2), 199–226.
Deardorff, J. W. (1978). “Efficient prediction of ground surface temperature and moisture, with inclusion of layer of vegetation.” J. Geophys. Res., 83(C4), 1889–1903.
Dickinson, R. E., Sellers, A. H., Kennedy, P. J., and Wilson, M. F. (1986). “Biosphere-Atmosphere Transfer Scheme (BATS) for the NCAR CCM.” TN-275+STR, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO.
Entekhabi, D., and Eagleson, P. S. (1989). “Land surface hydrology parameterization for atmospheric general circulation models including subgrid scale spatial variability.” J. Climate., 2(8), 816–831.
Essery, R. L. H., Best, M. J., Betts, R. A., and Cox, P. M. (2003). “Explicit representation of subgrid heterogeneity in a GCM land surface scheme.” J. Hydrometeorol., 4, 530–543.
Famiglietti, J. S., and Wood, E. F. (1991). “Evapotranspiration and runoff from large land areas: land surface hydrology for atmospheric general circulation models.” Surveys in Geophys., 12(1–3), 179–204.
Haltiner, G. J., and Williams, R. T. (1980). Numerical prediction and dynamic meteorology, Wiley, New York.
Kavvas, M. L., et al. (1998). “A regional-scale land surface parameterization based on areally-averaged hydrological conservation equations.” Hydrol. Sci. J., 43(4), 611–631.
Kavvas, M. L. (2003). “Nonlinear hydrologic processes: Conservation equations for determining their means and probability distributions.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 8(2), 44–53.
Kavvas, M. L., and Wu, J. L. (2002). “Conservation equations for solute transport by unsteady and steady flows in heterogeneous aquifers: The cumulant expansion/Lie operator method.” Stochastic methods in subsurface contaminant hydrology, R. S. Govindaraju, ed., ASCE, Reston, VA.
Kim, S., Kavvas, M. L., and Chen, Z. Q. (2005b). “Root-water uptake model at heterogeneous soil fields.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 10(2), 160–167.
Kim, S., Kavvas, M. L., and Yoon, J. (2005a). “Upscaling of vertical unsaturated flow model under infiltration condition.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 10(2), 151–159.
Koster, R. D., and Suarez, M. J. (1992). “A comparative analysis of two land surface heterogeneity representation.” J. Climate., 5(12), 1379–1390.
McCuen, R. H., Rawls, W. J., and Brakensiek, D. L. (1981). “Statistical analysis of the Brooks-Corey and the Green-Ampt parameters across soil textures.” Water Resour. Res., 17(4), 1005–1013.
Noilhan, J., and Planton, S. (1989). “A simple parameterization of land surface processes for meteorological models.” Mon. Weath. Rev., 117(3), 536–549.
Ohara, N., Kavvas, M. L., and Chen, Z. Q. (2008). “Stochastic upscaling for snow accumulation and melt processes with PDF approach.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 13(12), 1103–1118.
Palleschi, V., Sarri, F., Marcozzi, G., and Torquati, M. R. (1990). “Numerical solution of the Fokker-Planck equation: A fast and accurate algorithm.” Phys. Lett. A, 146, 378–386.
Perrier, A., Itier, B., Bertolini, J. M., and Katerji, N. (1976). “A new device for continuous recording of the energy balance of natural surfaces.” Agric. Met., 16(1), 71–84.
Sellers, P. J., Mints, Y., Sud, Y. C., and Dalcher, A. (1986). “A simple biosphere model (SiB) for use within general circulation models.” J. Atmos. Sci., 43(6), 505–531.
Seuffert, G., Gross, P., and Simmer, C. (2002). “The influence of hydrologic modeling on the predicted local weather: Two-way coupling of a mesoscale weather prediction model and a land surface hydrologic model.” J. Hydrometeor., 3(5), 505–523.
Soil Conservation Service (1991). “Soil Survey Geographic (SSURGO) Data Base: User’s Guide.” USDA, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Fort Worth, TX.
Song, J., Willmott, C. J., and Hanson, B. (1997). “Influence of heterogeneous land surfaces on surface energy and mass fluxes.” Theor. Appl. Climatol., 58(3–4), 175–188.
Stull, R. B. (1988). An introduction to boundary layer meteorology, Kluwer Academic, London.
Tayfur, G., and Kavvas, M. L. (1998). “Areally-averaged overland flow equations at hillslope scale.” Hydrol. Sci. J., 43(3), 361–378.
Wolfe, R. E., Roy, D. P., and Vermote, E. (1998). “MODIS land data storage, gridding, and compositing methodlogy: level2 grid.” IEEE Trans. Geosci. Remote Sens., 36(4), 1324–1338.
Yoon, J., and Kavvas, M. L. (2003). “Probabilistic solution to stochastic overland flow equation.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 8(2), 54–63.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 16 • Issue 12 • December 2011
Pages: 1017 - 1029
Copyright
© 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 6, 2009
Accepted: Aug 30, 2010
Published online: Sep 4, 2010
Published in print: Dec 1, 2011
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.