Side-by-Side Comparison of Nitrogen Species Removal for Four Types of Permeable Pavement and Standard Asphalt in Eastern North Carolina
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 15, Issue 6
Abstract
A 1 year-old parking lot in eastern North Carolina consisting of four types of side-by-side permeable pavement and standard asphalt was monitored from January 2007 to July 2007 for water quality differences among pavement types. The four permeable sections were pervious concrete (PC), two different types of permeable interlocking concrete pavement (PICP) with small-sized aggregate in the joints and having 12.9% (PICP1) and 8.5% (PICP2) open surface area, and concrete grid pavers (CGP) filled with sand. The site was located in poorly drained soils, and all permeable sections were underlain by a crushed stone base with a perforated pipe underdrain. Composite, flow-weighted samples of atmospheric deposition and asphalt runoff were compared to those of permeable pavement subsurface drainage for pH, TN, , TKN, , and ON concentrations and loads. All pavements buffered acidic rainfall pH . The pH of permeable pavement subsurface drainage was higher than that of asphalt runoff with the PC cell having the highest pH values . Permeable pavement subsurface drainage had lower and TKN concentrations than asphalt runoff and atmospheric deposition. With the exception of the CGP cell, permeable pavements had higher concentrations than asphalt , a probable result of nitrification occurring within the permeable pavement profile. The CGP cell had the lowest mean TN concentrations; however, results were not significantly different from those of asphalt runoff. The possible nitrogen removal exhibited by the CGP cell is similar to that observed in sand filter research, not surprising considering CGP contained a 10 cm (4 in.) sand bedding layer. Overall, different permeable pavement sections performed similarly to one another with respect to water quality, with the CGP cell appearing to best improve storm-water runoff nitrogen concentrations.
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Acknowledgments
The writers thank the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the Interlocking Concrete Pavement Institute for their financial support of this research. Additionally, the writers thank Block U.S.A. for material donations. Further thanks are extended to Dr. Dean Hesterberg of the NCSU Soil Science Department, and Jenny James from the Center for Applied Aquatic Ecology. The writers appreciate Dr. Robert Borden and Dr. Gregory Jennings for their added research guidance. Lastly, the writers commend Scott Stevens and Steve Miller of the City of Kinston for their assistance with site construction and maintenance, and their ongoing commitment to environmental excellence in the city of Kinston.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 15 • Issue 6 • June 2010
Pages: 512 - 521
Copyright
© 2010 ASCE.
History
Received: Nov 18, 2008
Accepted: Jun 18, 2009
Published online: Jun 20, 2009
Published in print: Jun 2010
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