Influence of Meandering on the Estimation of Velocity and Shear Velocity in Cobble-Bed Channels
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 14, Issue 10
Abstract
Field experiments carried out on five reaches of the meandering cobble-bed Beheshtabad River in central Iran showed that the position of the maximum velocity was independent of the relative submergence ( less or more than 4) and relative curvature (where is the flow depth, is the median diameter of sediment, is the radius of curvature, and is the river width). A new method, called the boundary-layer characteristic method, was employed for the determination of shear velocity. The shear velocity values estimated with this method were in agreement with those obtained using the parabolic law. The law of the wall was valid for low and high relative curvatures in the inner, outer, and central zones of the meandering reaches. However, this law was not suitable for determining the shear velocity for the relative submergence range of due to its high sensitivity to near-bed velocities. Interestingly, it was possible to predict the flow velocity in meandering reaches using the Shields parameter.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Afzalimehr, H., and Anctil, F. (1999). “Velocity distribution and shear velocity behaviour of decelerating flows over a gravel-bed.” Can. J. Civ. Eng., 26(4), 468–475.
Afzalimehr, H., and Anctil, F. (2000). “Accelerating shear velocity in gravel-bed channels.” Hydrol. Sci. J., 45, 113–124.
Afzalimehr, H., and Anctil, F. (2001). “Vitesse de frottement associee a un ecoulement non-uniforme et une rugosité relative intermédiaire.” J. Hydraul. Res., 39(2), 181–186.
Afzalimehr, H., and Dey S. (2009). “Influence of bank vegetation and gravel bed on velocity and Reynolds stress distributions.” Int. J. Sediment Res., 24(2), 236–246.
Afzalimehr, H., Dey, S., and Rasoulinfar, P. (2007). “Influence of decelerating flow on incipient motion of a gravel-bed stream.” Sadhana: Proc., Indian Acad. Sci., 32(5), 545–559.
Afzalimehr, H., and Rennie, C. D. (2009). “Determination of bed shear stress using boundary layer parameters in a gravel-bed river.” Hydrol. Sci. J., 54(1), 147–159.
Afzalimehr, H., Singh, V. P., and Abdolhosseini, M. (2009). “Effect of nonuniformity of flow on hydraulic geometry relations.” J. Hydrologic Eng., 14(9), 1028–1034.
Bathurst, J. C. (1982). “Theoretical aspects of flow resistance.” Gravel-bed rivers, R. D. Hey, J. C. Bathurst, and C. R. Thorne, eds., Wiley, New York, 83–105.
Bathurst, J. C. (1985). “Flow resistance estimation in mountain rivers.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 111, 625–643.
Bayazit, M. (1976). “Free surface flow in a channel of large relative roughness.” J. Hydraul. Res., 14, 115–126.
Bayazit, M. (1983). “Flow structure and sediment transport mechanics in steep channels.” Proc., Euromech 156: Mech. of Sediment Transport, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands, 197–206.
Biron, P. M., Lane, S. N., Roy, A. G., Bradbrook, K. F., and Richards, K. S. (1998). “Sensitivity of bed shear stress estimated from vertical velocity profiles: The problem of sampling resolution.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 23, 133–139.
Blanckaert, K., and Graf, W. H. (2001). “Mean flow and turbulence in open-channel bend.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 127, 835–847.
Boon, P. J. (1992). “Essential elements in the case for river conservation.” River conservation and management, P. J. Boon, P. Calow, and G. E. Petts, eds., Wiley, New York, 11–33.
Bridge, J. S., and Jarvis, J. (1977). “Velocity profiles and bed shear stress over various bed configurations in a river bend.” Earth Surf. Processes, 2, 281–294.
Bridge, J. S., and Jarvis, J. (1982). “The dynamics of a river bend: A study in flow and sedimentary processes.” Sedimentology, 29, 499–541.
Chow, V. T. (1959). Open channel hydraulics, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Church, M. (1992). “Channel morphology and typology.” The rivers’ handbook: Hydrological and ecological principles, P. Calow and G. E. Petts, eds., Blackwell Science, Oxford, U.K., 126–143.
Clauser, F. H. (1956). “The turbulent boundary layers.” Adv. Appl. Mech., 4, 1–15.
Dietrich, W. E., and Smith, J. D. (1984). “Bed load transport in a river meander.” Water Resour. Res., 20, 1355–1380.
Dietrich, W. E. and Whiting, P. J., and (1989). “Boundary shear stress and sediment transport in river meanders of sand and gravel.” River meandering, S. Ikeda, and G. Parker, eds., American Geophysical Union Water Resources Monograph 12, Washington, D.C., 1–50.
Einstein, H., and El-Samni, E. A. (1949). “Hydrodynamic forces on a rough wall.” Rev. Mod. Phys., 21, 520–524.
Ferguson, R. I., Prestegaard, K. L., and Ashworth, P. J. (1989). “Influence of sand on hydraulics and gravel transport in a braided gravel bed river.” Water Resour. Res., 25, 635–643.
Ferro, V. (2003). “ADV measurements of velocity distributions in a gravel-bed flume.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 28, 707–722.
Ferro, V., and Pecoraro, R. (2000). “Incomplete self-similarity and flow velocity in gravel bed channels.” Water Resour. Res., 36, 2761–2769.
Gardiner, J. L. (1991). River projects and conservation, Wiley, New York.
Graf, W. H., and Altinakar, M. S. (1998). Fluvial hydraulics: Flow and transport processes in channels of simple geometry, Wiley, New York.
Hasfurther, V. R. (1985). “The use of meander parameters in restoring hydrologic balance to reclaimed stream beds.” The restoration of rivers and streams: Theories and experience, J. A. Gore, ed., Butterworth-Heinemann, Stoneham, Mass.
Hinze, J. Q. (1975). Turbulence, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Jackson, P. S. (1981). “On the displacement height in the logarithmic velocity profile.” J. Fluid Mech., 111, 15–25.
Julien, P. Y. (1995). Erosion and sedimentation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Julien, P. Y. (2002). River mechanics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, U.K.
Julien, P. Y., and Anthony, D. (2002). “Bed load motion and grain sorting in a meandering stream.” J. Hydraul. Res., 40, 125–133.
Kandula, V. N., Sarma, B. V., Ramana, P., and Avvari, K. S. (2000). “Detailed study of binary law for open channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 126(3), 210–214.
Katul, G., Wiberg, P., Albertson, J., and Hornberger, G. (2002). “A mixing layer theory for flow resistance in shallow streams.” Water Resour. Res., 38, 1250.
Kawai, S., and Julien, P. Y. (1996). “Point bar deposits in narrow sharp bends.” J. Hydraul. Res., 34, 205–218.
Kironoto, B. A., and Graf, W. H. (1994). “Turbulence characteristics in rough uniform open-channel flow.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Waters. Maritime Energ., 106, 333–344.
Kironoto, B. A., and Graf, W. H. (1994). “Turbulence characteristics in rough non-uniform open channel flow.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng., Waters. Maritime Energ., 112, 336–348.
Leeder, M. (2001). Sedimentology and sedimentary basins from turbulence to tectonics, Iowa State University Press, Iowa, 592.
Meunier, P., Métivier, F., Lajeunesse, E., Mériaux, A. S., and Faure, J. (2006). “Flow pattern and sediment transport in a braided river: The ‘torrent de St. Pierre’ (French Alps).” J. Hydrol., 330, 496–505.
Moninm, A. S., and Yaglom, A. M. (1971). Statistical fluid mechanics: Mechanics of turbulence, Vol. 1, MIT Press, Cambridge, Mass.
Newson, M. D. (1997). Land, water and development: Sustainable management of river basin systems, Routledge, London.
Nezu, I., and Nakagawa, H. (1993). Turbulence in open-channel flows, IAHR monograph series, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Nezu, I., and Rodi, W. (1986). “Open channel flow measurements with a laser Doppler anemometer.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 112(5), 335–355.
Odgaard, A. J. (1984). “Bank erosion contribution to stream sediment load.” Rep. No. 280, Iowa Institute of Hydraulic Research, Iowa City, Iowa.
Patra, K. C., Srijib, K., Kar, K., and Bhattacharya, A. K. (2004). “Flow and velocity distribution in meandering compound channels.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 130(5), 398–411.
Petit, F. (1990). “Evaluation of grain shear stresses required to initiate movement of particles in natural rivers.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms, 15, 135–148.
Rajaratnam, N., and Muralidhar, D. (1969). “Boundary shear stress distribution in rectangular open channels.” Houille Blanche, 6, 603–609.
Rinaldi, M., and Johnson, P. A. (1997). “Characterization of stream meanders for stream restoration.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 123(6), 567–570.
Robert, A., Roy, A. G., and De Serres, B. (1992). “Changes in velocity profiles at roughness transitions in coarse grained channels.” Sedimentology, 39, 725–735.
Schlichting, H., and Gersten, K. (2000). Boundary-layer theory, Springer, Berlin.
Simons, D. B., and Sunturk, F. (1992). Sediment transport technology, Water Resources Publications, Englewood, Colo.
Song, T., and Chiew, Y. M. (2001). “Turbulence measurement in nonuniform open-channel flow using acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV).” J. Eng. Mech., 127, 219–232.
Steffler, P. M. (1984). “Turbulent flow in a curved rectangular channel.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Alberta, Canada.
Tominaga, A., Nagao, M., and Nezu, I. (1999). “Flow structure and momentum transport processes in curved open-channels with vegetation.” Proc., 28th Congress of Int. Association of Hydraulic Research (CD-ROM), Technical Univ., Graz, Austria.
Tu, H., Tsujimoto, T., and Graf, W. H. (1988). “Velocity distribution in a gravel-bed flume.” Proc., 6th Congress of Asian and Pacific Division of Int. Association of Hydraulic Research, IAHR, Kyoto, Japan, 425–431.
Vedula, S., Rao, A. R. (1985). “Bed shear from velocity profiles: A new approach.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 111(1), 131–143.
Wilcock, P. R. (1993). “The critical shear stress of natural sediments.” J. Hydraul. Eng., 119(4), 491–505.
Yu, G., and Tan, S. K. (2006). “Errors in the bed shear stress as estimated from vertical velocity profile.” J. Irrig. Drain. Eng., 132(5), 490–497.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: May 10, 2008
Accepted: Feb 20, 2009
Published online: Feb 21, 2009
Published in print: Oct 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.