Application of a Developed Grid-Xinanjiang Model to Chinese Watersheds for Flood Forecasting Purpose
Publication: Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 14, Issue 9
Abstract
A distributed rainfall-runoff model, Grid-Xinanjiang model based on the topographical information of each grid cell extracted from the digital elevation model (DEM), was developed to simulate the hydrologic processes within watersheds. The water exchange among grids within the watershed and the runoff routing along the river drainage networks are taken into consideration in the model. The Grid-Xinanjiang model was applied to the two watersheds in China for flood simulations. The performance of the developed model was compared with that of the original Xinanjiang model. Initial tests show that the Grid-Xinanjiang model can perform well as the original model in terms of estimates of streamflow and of the model efficiency coefficient. All of the qualified ratios relative to peak flow, runoff, and peak time for the two models applied to the Misai watershed and the Xixian watershed are more than 88%. The Grid-Xinanjiang model outperformed the original model in predicting flood runoff and outlet hydrographs, especially in the larger watershed. The simulation results show the robust capacity of obtaining spatial distributions of hydrologic variables over the original Xinanjiang model, and also revealed that runoff yield has large temporal and spatial variability during storm period and the runoff response is sensitive to the antecedent soil moisture, topography, and spatial distribution of rainfall.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. NNSFC50479017) and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT) (NO IRT0717).
References
Abbott, M., Bathurst, J., Cunge, J., O’Connell, P., and Rasmussen, J. (1986). “An introduction to the European hydrological system—Systeme hydrologique Europeen, ‘SHE,’ 2: Structure of a physically-based, distributed modelling system.” J. Hydrol., 87, 61–77.
Anderson, M. G., and Burt, T. P. (1990). “Subsurface runoff.” Process studies in hillslope hydrology, M. G. Anderson and T. P. Burt, eds., Wiley, New York, 365–400.
Anderson, R., Koren, V., and Reed, S. (2006). “Using SSURGO data to improve Sacramento Model a priori parameter estimates.” J. Hydrol., 320, 103–116.
Band, L. E. (1986). “Topographic partition of watersheds with digital elevation models.” Water Resour. Res., 22(1), 15–24.
Bandaragoda, C., Tarboton, D., and Woods, R. (2004). “Application of topmodel in the distributed model intercomparison project.” J. Hydrol., 298(1–4), 178–201.
Beven, K. J. (1995). “Linking parameters across scales: Subgrid parameterizations and scale dependent hydrological models.” Scale issues in hydrological modeling, J. D. Kalma and M. Sivapalan, eds., Wiley, New York, 263–282.
Beven, K. J., and Kirkby, M. J. (1979). “A physically based variable contributing area model of basin hydrology.” Hydrol. Sci. Bull., 24, 43–69.
Beven, K. J., and O’Connell, P. E. (1982). “On the role of distributed models in hydrology.” Rep. No. 81, Institute of Hydrology, Wallingford, U.K.
Burnash, R. J., Ferral, R. L., and McGuire, R. A. (1973). “A general streamflow simulation system conceptual modeling for digital computer.” Rep. Prepared for the Joint Federal State River Forecasts Centre, U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Weather Service and State of California, Dept. of Water Resources, Sacramento, Calif.
Calver, A., and Wood, W. L. (1995). “The Institute of Hydrology distributed model.” Computer models of watershed hydrology, V. P. Singh, ed., Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo., 595–626.
Carpenter, T. M., and Georgakakos, K. P. (2004). “Impacts of parametric and radar rainfall uncertainty on the ensemble streamflow simulations of a distributed hydrologic model.” J. Hydrol., 298(1–4), 202–221.
Chen, X., Chen, Y., and Xu, C. (2007). “A distributed monthly hydrological model for integrating spatial variations of basin topography and rainfall.” Hydrolog. Process., 21, 242–252.
Cheng, C., Zhao, M., Chau, K., and Wu, X. (2006). “Using genetic algorithm and TOPSIS for Xinanjiang model calibration with a single procedure.” J. Hydrol., 316, 129–140.
Coles, N. A., Sivapalan, M., Larsen, J. E., Linnet, P. E., and Fahrner, C. K. (1997). “Modelling runoff generation on small agricultural catchments: Can real world runoff responses be captured?” Distributed hydrological modelling, K. J. Beven, ed., Wiley, New York, 289–312.
Crawford, N. H., and Linsley, R. S. (1966). “Digital simulation in hydrology: The Stanford watershed model IV.” Technical Rep. No. 39, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Stanford Univ., Palo Alto, Calif.
Cunge, K. A. (1969). “On the subject of a flood propagation method (Muskingum method).” J. Hydraul. Res., 7, 205–230.
Du, J., Xie, S., Xu, Y., Xu, C., and Singh, V. P. (2007). “Development and testing of a simple physically-based distributed rainfall-runoff model for storm runoff simulation in humid forested basins.” J. Hydrol., 336, 334–346.
Fairfield, J., and Leymarie, P. (1991). “Drainage networks from grid digital elevation models.” Water Resour. Res., 27(5), 709–717.
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). (1999). “FAO soil map of the world.” ⟨http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/ecosys/cdroms/reynolds/reynolds/reynolds.htm#tr⟩ (Feb. 10, 2006).
Garrote, L., and Bras, R. L. (1995). “A distributed model for real-time flood forecasting using digital elevation models.” J. Hydrol., 167, 279–306.
International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme (IGBP). (2005). “GIGBP2_011.” ⟨http://edcdaac.usgs.gov /glcc/globdoc2_0.asp⟩ (Feb. 10, 2006).
Ivanov, V. Y., Vivoni, E. R., Bras, R. L., and Entekhabi, D. (2004). “Preserving high-resolution surface and rainfall data in operational-scale basin hydrology: A fully-distributed physically based approach.” J. Hydrol., 298(1–4), 80–111.
Jayawardena, A. W., and Zhou, M. C. (2000). “A modified spatial soil moisture storage capacity distribution curve for the Xinanjiang model.” J. Hydrol., 227, 93–113.
Jenson, S. K., and Domingue, J. O. (1988). “Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographic information system analysis.” Photogramm. Eng. Remote Sens., 54(11), 1593–1600.
Kirkby, M. J. (1978). Hillslope hydrology, Wiley, New York, 277–290.
Kirkby, M. J. (1997). “Topmodel: A personal view.” Distributed hydrological modelling, K. J. Beven, ed., Wiley, New York, 19–30.
Koren, V., Reed, S., Smith, M., and Zhang, Z. (2003). “Combining physically based and conceptual approaches in the development and parameterization of a distributed system.” Weather radar information and distributed hydrological modelling, Y. Tachikawa, B. E. Vieux, K. P. Georgakakos, and E. Nakakita, eds., IAHS Publication, Wallingford, U.K., No. 282, 101–108.
Koren, V., Reed, S., Smith, M., Zhang, Z., and Seo, D. J. (2004). “Hydrology laboratory research modeling system (HL-RMS) of the national weather service.” J. Hydrol., 291, 297–318.
Li, Z. J., and Yao, C. (2006). “Application of GIS-based hydrological models in humid watersheds.” Proc., 15th APD-IAHR and ISMH, IIT Madras, Chennai, India, 685–690.
Li, Z. J., and Zhang, K. (2008). “Comparison of three GIS-based hydrological models.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 13(5), 364–370.
Liu, Z. Y., Tan, B., Tao, X., and Xie, Z. (2008). “Application of a distributed hydrologic model to flood forecasting in catchments of different conditions.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 13(5), 378–384.
The Ministry of Water Resources of the People’s Republic of China (MWR). (2000). Standard for hydrological information and hydrological forecasting (SL 250-2000), Hydraulic and Hydropower Publisher of China, Beijing, 18–21 (in Chinese).
Moreda, F., Koren, V., Zhang, Z., Reed, S., and Smith, M. (2006). “Parameterization of distributed hydrological models: Learning from the experiences of lumped modelling.” J. Hydrol., 320, 218–237.
Mulungu, D., Ichikawa, Y., and Shiiba, M. (2005). “A physically based distributed subsurface-surface flow dynamics model for forested mountainous catchments.” Hydrolog. Process., 19, 3999–4002.
O’Callaghan, J. F., and Mark, D. M. (1984). “The extraction of drainage network from digital elevation data.” Comput. Vis. Graph. Image Process., 28, 323–344.
Reed, S., Koren, V., Smith, M., Zhang, Z., Seo, D. J., and DMIP participants. (2004). “Overall distributed model intercomparison project results.” J. Hydrol., 298, 27–60.
Robinson, J. S., and Sivapalan, M. (1995). “Catchment-scale runoff generation model by aggregation and similarity analysis.” Scale issues in hydrological modeling, J. D. Kalma and M. Sivapalan, eds., Wiley, New York, 311–330.
Seyfried, M. S., and Wilcox, B. P. (1995). “Scale and the nature of spatial variability: Field examples having implications for hydrologic modeling.” Water Resour. Res., 31(1), 173–184.
Singh, V. P. (1995). “Watershed modeling.” Computer models of watershed hydrology, V. P. Singh, ed., Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo., 1–22.
Singh, V. P. (1997). “Effect of spatial and temporal variability in rainfall and watershed characteristics on stream flow hydrograph.” Hydrolog. Process., 11, 1649–1669.
Sivapalan, M., Beven, K. J., and Wood, E. F. (1987). “On hydrological similarity. II: A scaled model of storm runoff production.” Water Resour. Res., 23(12), 2266–2278.
Smith, M., Seo, D. J., Koren, V., Reed, S., Zhang, Z., Duan, Q., Moreda, F., and Cong, S. (2004). “The distributed model intercomparison project (DMIP): Motivation and experiment design.” J. Hydrol., 298, 4–26.
Sugawara, M. (1979). “Automatic calibration of the tank model.” Hydrol. Sci. Bull., 24(3), 375–388.
Todini, E. (1996). “The ARNO rainfall-runoff model.” J. Hydrol., 175, 339–382.
Todini, E., and Ciarapica, L. (2001). “The TOPKAPI model.” Mathematical models of large watershed hydrology, V. P. Singh, ed., Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo., 471–504.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). (2005). “GTOP30.” ⟨http://edc.usgs.gov/products/elevation/gtopo30/gtopo30.html⟩ (Feb. 10, 2006).
Vieux, B. E. (2001). Distributed hydrologic modeling using GIS, Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 1–17.
Wigmosta, M. S., Vail, L. W., and Lettenmier, D. P. (1994). “A distributed hydrology vegetation model for complex terrain.” Water Resour. Res., 30, 1665–1679.
Yang, D., Herath, S., and Musiake, K. (2002). “Hillslope-based hydrological model using catchment area and width functions.” Hydrol. Sci. J., 47(1), 49–65.
Yew Gan, T. Y., Dlamini, E. M., and Biftu, G. F. (1997). “Effects of model complexity and structure, data quality, and objective functions on hydrologic modeling.” J. Hydrol., 192, 81–103.
Zhang, W. H. (1990). Theory and practices of flood forecasting of storms, Water Resource and Electric, Beijing, 161–176 (in Chinese).
Zhang, Z., Koren, V., Smith, M., Reed, S., and Wang, D. (2004). “Use of NEXRAD data and basin disaggregation to improve continuous hydrograph simulations.” J. Hydrol. Eng., 9(2), 103–115.
Zhao, R. J. (1992). “The Xinanjiang model applied in China.” J. Hydrol., 135, 371–381.
Zhao, R. J. (1994). Proc., Zhao Renjun on hydrological forecasting, Water Resource and Electric, Beijing, 125–134 (in Chinese).
Zhao, R. J., and Liu, X. R. (1995). “The Xinanjiang model.” Computer models of watershed hydrology, V. P. Singh, ed., Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colo., 215–232.
Zhao, R. J., Zhuang, Y. L., Fang, L. R., Liu, X. R., and Zhang, Q. S. (1980). “The Xinanjiang model.” Hydrological Forecasting Proc., Oxford Symp., IAHS Publication, Wallingford, U.K., 129, 351–356.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Hydrologic Engineering
Volume 14 • Issue 9 • September 2009
Pages: 923 - 934
Copyright
© 2009 ASCE.
History
Received: Jun 4, 2008
Accepted: Dec 24, 2008
Published online: Feb 19, 2009
Published in print: Sep 2009
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.