Multipoint Traveling Wave Decomposition Method and Its Application in Extended Pile Shaft Integrity Test
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 11
Abstract
Existing nondestructive pile integrity test (PIT) methods have certain limitations in the interpretation of test results for extended pile shafts supporting an existing structure. A novel multipoint traveling wave decomposition (MPTWD) method was developed in this study to address some of these limitations and predict the unknown length of an extended pile shaft with superstructure. The MPTWD method incorporates a test scheme that comprises multiple equally spaced sensors to separate the downward and upward waves and a corresponding data processing method. A pseudofrequency response (PFR) function was defined by dividing the measured upward wave by the downward wave in the frequency domain. Based on the PFR function, MPTWD results are obtained for a certain fictitious excitation. The unknown pile length can then be predicted by fitting the MPTWD results and the analytical solution to that of a laterally vibrating free-top pile. Because of their similar experimental layout, the MPTWD results are close to traditional PIT results and have fundamental advantages and disadvantages. The effects of technical test parameters on MPTWD results were investigated through a comprehensive parametric study. Then, the MPTWD method was applied in a field test, and the predicted pile length was found to be consistent with its actual precast length, verifying the feasibility and reliability of this novel method.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, and code generated or used during the study appear in the published article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 51378464, 51579217, and 51779217). The first author was supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2020M681857).
References
Achenbach, J. 2012. Wave propagation in elastic solids. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Elsevier.
Davis, A. G. 1995. “Nondestructive evaluation of existing deep foundations.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil. 9 (1): 57–74. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0887-3828(1995)9:1(57).
Gao, L., K. Wang, J. Wu, S. Xiao, and N. Wang. 2017. “Analytical solution for the dynamic response of a pile with a variable-section interface in low-strain integrity testing.” J. Sound Vib. 395 (May): 328–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2017.02.037.
Gazetas, G., and R. Dobry. 1984. “Horizontal response of piles in layered soils.” J. Geotech. Eng. 110 (1): 20–40. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1984)110:1(20).
Heidari, M., and H. El Naggar. 2017. “Analytical expression for plastic hinge length in extended pile shafts.” In Proc., 42th Annual Conf. on Deep Foundations. Hawthorne, NJ: Deep Foundations Institute.
Heidari, M., and M. Hesham El Naggar. 2018. “Analytical approach for seismic performance of extended pile-shafts.” J. Bridge Eng. 23 (10): 04018069. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)BE.1943-5592.0001272.
Kaneko, T. 1975. “On Timoshenko’s correction for shear in vibrating beams.” J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys. 8 (16): 1927. https://doi.org/10.1088/0022-3727/8/16/003.
Kenai, S., and R. Bahar. 2003. “Evaluation and repair of Algiers new airport building.” Cem. Concr. Compos. 25 (6): 633–641. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0958-9465(02)00077-X.
Li, Z., and Y. Gao. 2019. “Effects of inner soil on the vertical dynamic response of a pipe pile embedded in inhomogeneous soil.” J. Sound Vib. 439 (Jan): 129–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2018.09.050.
Li, Z., Y. Gao, and K. Wang. 2020. “Vertical vibration of an end bearing pile interacting with the radially inhomogeneous saturated soil.” Ocean Eng. 219 (Jan): 108009.
Liao, S. T., J. H. Tong, C. H. Chen, and T. T. Wu. 2006. “Numerical simulation and experimental study of parallel seismic test for piles.” Int. J. Solids Struct. 43 (7–8): 2279–2298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsolstr.2005.03.057.
Makris, N., and G. Gazetas. 1993. “Displacement phase differences in a harmonically oscillating pile.” Géotechnique 43 (1): 135–150. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1993.43.1.135.
Mylonakis, G., and G. Gazetas. 1999. “Lateral vibration and internal forces of grouped piles in layered soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 125 (1): 16–25. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(16).
Novak, M. 1974. “Dynamic stiffness and damping of piles.” Can. Geotech. J. 11 (4): 574–598. https://doi.org/10.1139/t74-059.
Sack, D. A., S. H. Slaughter, and L. D. Olson. 2004. “Combined measurement of unknown foundation depths and soil properties with nondestructive evaluation methods.” Transp. Res. Rec. 1868 (1): 76–80. https://doi.org/10.3141/1868-08.
Timoshenko, S. P. 1921. “LXVI. On the correction for shear of the differential equation for transverse vibrations of prismatic bars.” London Edinburgh Dublin Philos. Mag. J. Sci. 41 (245): 744–746. https://doi.org/10.1080/14786442108636264.
Wang, K., W. Wu, Z. Zhang, and C. J. Leo. 2010. “Vertical dynamic response of an inhomogeneous viscoelastic pile.” Comput. Geotech. 37 (4): 536–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2010.03.001.
Weaver, W., Jr., S. P. Timoshenko, and D. H. Young. 1990. Vibration problems in engineering. New York: Wiley.
Wu, J., M. H. El Naggar, and K. Wang. 2021. “Analytical model for laterally loaded soil-extended pile shaft applied to verifying the applicability of lateral PS method.” J. Geotech. Geonviron. Eng. 147 (10): 04021103.
Wu, J., M. H. El Naggar, K. Wang, and X. Liu. 2020a. “Analytical study of employing low-strain lateral pile integrity test on a defective extended pile shaft.” J. Eng. Mech. 146 (9): 04020103. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001841.
Wu, J., M. H. El Naggar, K. Wang, and W. Wu. 2019a. “Lateral vibration characteristics of an extended pile shaft under low-strain integrity test.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 126 (Nov): 105812. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.105812.
Wu, J., K. Wang, and M. H. El Naggar. 2019b. “Dynamic soil reactions around pile-fictitious soil pile coupled model and its application in parallel seismic method.” Comput. Geotech. 110 (Jun): 44–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.02.011.
Wu, J., K. Wang, and M. H. El Naggar. 2019c. “Dynamic response of a defect pile in layered soil subjected to longitudinal vibration in parallel seismic integrity testing.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 121 (Jun): 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.03.010.
Wu, J., K. Wang, and M. H. El Naggar. 2019d. “Half-space dynamic soil model excited by known longitudinal vibration of a defective pile.” Comput. Geotech. 112 (Aug): 403–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compgeo.2019.05.006.
Wu, J. T., K. H. Wang, L. Gao, and S. Xiao. 2019e. “Study on longitudinal vibration of a pile with variable sectional acoustic impedance by integral transformation.” Acta Geotech. 14 (6): 1857–1870. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-018-0732-8.
Wu, J. T., K. H. Wang, and X. Liu. 2020b. “Effect of a nodular segment on the dynamic response of a tubular pile subjected to longitudinal vibration.” Acta Geotech. 15 (10): 2925–2940. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-020-00930-y.
Wu, W., M. H. El Naggar, M. Abdlrahem, G. Mei, and K. Wang. 2017. “New interaction model for vertical dynamic response of pipe piles considering soil plug effect.” Can. Geotech. J. 54 (7): 987–1001. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0309.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 11 • November 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 3, 2020
Accepted: Jul 20, 2021
Published online: Sep 9, 2021
Published in print: Nov 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Feb 9, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Juntao Wu, M. Hesham El Naggar, Kuihua Wang, Syed Muhammad Faheem Rizvi, Dynamic Soil Reactions around a Beam-on-Multiple-Piles Structure and their Application in the Parallel Seismic Integrity Test, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-8275, 23, 8, (2023).
- Xinjun Zou, Zijian Yang, Wenbing Wu, Horizontal dynamic response of partially embedded single pile in unsaturated soil under combined loads, Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering, 10.1016/j.soildyn.2022.107672, 165, (107672), (2023).
- Yunpeng Zhang, M. Hesham El Naggar, Wenbing Wu, Zongqin Wang, Torsional Low-Strain Test for Nondestructive Integrity Examination of Existing High-Pile Foundation, Sensors, 10.3390/s22145330, 22, 14, (5330), (2022).
- Xiaoyan Yang, Lixing Wang, Wenbing Wu, Hao Liu, Guosheng Jiang, Kuihua Wang, Guoxiong Mei, Vertical Dynamic Impedance of a Viscoelastic Pile in Arbitrarily Layered Soil Based on the Fictitious Soil Pile Model, Energies, 10.3390/en15062087, 15, 6, (2087), (2022).
- Tiannv Gao, A Critical Analysis of Existing Intelligent Analytical Techniques for Pile Integrity Test, 2022 8th International Conference on Hydraulic and Civil Engineering: Deep Space Intelligent Development and Utilization Forum (ICHCE), 10.1109/ICHCE57331.2022.10042772, (740-751), (2022).
- Hao Liu, Wenbing Wu, Xiaoyan Yang, Xin Liu, Lixing Wang, M. Hesham El Naggar, Minjie Wen, Apparent wave velocity inverse analysis method and its application in dynamic pile testing, International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics, 10.1002/nag.3481, 47, 4, (549-569), (2022).