Cyclic Behavior of -Consolidated Soft Clay under Stress Paths with Different Major Principal Stress Directions
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147, Issue 6
Abstract
To study the deformation response of soft clay under cyclic loads, five groups of undrained cyclic torsional shear tests were conducted under a stress path with different principal stress direction angles and variations in the deviatoric stress. The development tendencies of strain components, axial stress-strain, and cyclic axial modulus are discussed. Experimental results showed that the deformation characteristics of specimens and the effect of cyclic stress variations on the specimens were significantly different at various principal stress direction angles. Based on the newly proposed parameter involving the distance from the initial point of the soft clay specimen after consolidation to the strength envelope at a fixed principal stress direction angle, a linear relationship between the axial strain and newly proposed parameter was found in consideration of the principal stress direction angle and cyclic stress variation.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
Some or all data and models used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2016YFC0800200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51622810, 51978534, 51778502, and 51978532), the National Nature Science Foundation Projects of Zhejiang Province (No. LR18E080001), the Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province (No. 2018C03038), and the Wenzhou Basic Research Project of China (G20180030). This financial support is gratefully acknowledged.
References
Arthur, J. R. F., K. S. Chua, and T. Dunstan. 1979. “Dense sand weakened by continuous principal stress direction rotation.” Géotechnique 29 (1): 91–96. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1979.29.1.91.
Arthur, J. R. F., K. S. Chua, and T. Dunstan. 1980. “Principal stress rotation: A missing parameter.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 106 (4): 419–433. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000946.
Brown, S. 1996. “Soil mechanics in pavement engineering.” Géotechnique 46 (3): 383–426. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1996.46.3.383.
Cai, Y., Q. Sun, L. Guo, C. Juang, and J. Wang. 2014. “Permanent deformation characteristics of saturated sand under cyclic loading.” Can. Geotech. J. 52 (6): 795–807. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2014-0341.
Cai, Y., T. Wu, L. Guo, and J. Wang. 2018. “Stiffness degradation and plastic strain accumulation of clay under cyclic load with principal stress rotation and deviatoric stress variation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 144 (5): 04018021. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001854.
Cai, Y., H. Yu, D. Wanatowski, and X. Li. 2012. “Noncoaxial behavior of sand under various stress paths.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 139 (8): 1381–1395. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000854.
Cai, Y. Q., L. Guo, R. J. Jardine, Z. Yang, and J. Wang. 2017. “Stress-strain response of soft clay to traffic loading.” Géotechnique 67 (5): 446–451. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgeot.15.P.224.
Chazallon, C., P. Hornych, and S. Mouhoubi. 2006. “Elastoplastic model for the long-term behavior modeling of unbound granular materials in flexible pavements.” Int. J. Geomech. 6 (4): 279–289. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1532-3641(2006)6:4(279).
Frost, M., P. Fleming, and C. Rogers. 2004. “Cyclic triaxial tests on clay subgrades for analytical pavement design.” J. Transp. Eng. 130 (3): 378–386. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2004)130:3(378).
Guo, L., J. Chen, J. Wang, Y. Cai, and P. Deng. 2016. “Influences of stress magnitude and loading frequency on cyclic behavior of -consolidated marine clay involving principal stress rotation.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 84 (May): 94–107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2016.01.024.
Guo, L., J. Wang, Y. Cai, H. Liu, Y. Gao, and H. Sun. 2013. “Undrained deformation behavior of saturated soft clay under long-term cyclic loading.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 50 (Jul): 28–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2013.01.029.
Hight, D. W., A. Gens, and M. J. Symes. 1983. “The development of a new hollow cylinder apparatus for investigating the effects of principal stress rotation in soils.” Géotechnique 33 (4): 355–383.
Huang, M., and Z. Yao. 2016. “Effect of the principal stress direction on cyclic cumulative deformation and pore pressure of soft clay.” Procedia Eng. 143: 811–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.06.132.
Jefferies, M., D. Shuttle, and K. Been. 2015. “Principal stress rotation as cause of cyclic mobility.” Geotech. Res. 2 (2): 66–96. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgere.15.00002.
Kumruzzaman, M., and J. Yin. 2010. “Influences of principle stress direction and intermediate principle stress on the stress–strain–strength behaviour of completely decomposed granite.” Can. Geotech. J. 47 (2): 164–179. https://doi.org/10.1139/T09-079.
Li, L. L., H. B. Dan, and L. Z. Wang. 2011. “Undrained behavior of natural marine clay under cyclic loading.” Ocean Eng. 38 (16): 1792–1805. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2011.09.004.
Lin, H., and D. Penumadu. 2005. “Experimental investigation on principal stress rotation in kaolin clay.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 131 (5): 633–642. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2005)131:5(633).
Lunne, T., T. Berre, K. H. Andersen, S. Strandvik, and M. Sjursen. 2006. “Effects of sample disturbance and consolidation procedures on measured shear strength of soft marine Norwegian clays.” Can. Geotech. J. 43 (7): 726–750. https://doi.org/10.1139/t06-040.
Mallikarachchi, H. E., and K. Soga. 2018. “The Influence of non-coaxial plasticity in numerical modelling of soil-pipe interaction.” In Proc., Numerical Methods in Geotechnical Engineering IX, 59–67. London: Routledge. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781351003629-8.
Qian, J. G., Z. B. Du, and Z. Y. Yin. 2018. “Cyclic degradation and non-coaxiality of soft clay subjected to pure rotation of principal stress directions.” Acta Geotech. 13 (4): 943–959. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-017-0567-8.
Qian, J. G., Y. G. Wang, Z. Y. Yin, and M. S. Huang. 2016. “Experimental identification of plastic shakedown behavior of saturated clay subjected to traffic loading with principal stress rotation.” Eng. Geol. 214 (Nov): 29–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2016.09.012.
Symes, M., A. Gens, and D. Hight. 1984. “Undrained anisotropy and principle stress rotation in saturated sand.” Géotechnique 34 (1): 11–27. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1984.34.1.11.
Symes, M., A. Gens, and D. Hight. 1988. “Drained principle stress rotation in saturated sand.” Géotechnique 38 (1): 59–81. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1988.38.1.59.
Vaid, Y., A. Sayao, H. Enhuang, and D. Negussey. 1990. “Generalized stress-path-dependent soil behaviour with a new hollow cylinder torsional apparatus.” Can. Geotech. J. 27 (5): 601–616. https://doi.org/10.1139/t90-075.
Van Eekelen, H. A. M., and D. M. Potts. 1978. “Behaviour of drammen clay under cyclic loading.” Géotechnique 28 (2): 173–196. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1978.28.2.173.
Wang, J., D. Feng, L. Guo, H. T. Fu, Y. Q. Cai, T. Y. Wu, and L. Shi. 2019a. “Anisotropic and Noncoaxial behavior of -consolidated soft clays under stress paths with principal stress rotation.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 145 (9): 04019036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0002103.
Wang, J., Z. Zhou, X. Q. Hu, L. Guo, and Y. Q. Cai. 2019b. “Effects of principal stress rotation and cyclic confining pressure on behavior of soft clay with different frequencies.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 118 (Mar): 75–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2018.12.013.
Wang, L. Z., and Z. Y. Yin. 2012. “Stress dilatancy of natural soft clay under an undrained creep condition.” Int. J. Geomech. 15 (5): A4014002. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000271.
Xiao, J., C. J. K. Wei, and S. Xu. 2014. “Effects of principal stress rotation on the cumulative deformation of normally consolidated soft clay under subway traffic loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 140 (4): 04013046. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001069.
Yamanouchi, T., and K. Yasuhara. 1975. “Settlement of clay subgrades after opening to traffic.” In Proc., 2nd Australia and New Zealand Conf. on Geomechanics, 115–120. Barton, Australia: Institution of Engineering.
Yang, Z. X., X. S. Li, and J. Yang. 2007. “Undrained anisotropy and rotational shear in granular soil.” Géotechnique 57 (4): 371–384. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2007.57.4.371.
Yin, Z. Y., Q. Xu, and C. Chang. 2013. “Modeling cyclic behavior of clay by micromechanical approach.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 139 (9): 1305–1309. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000516.
Yin, Z. Y., J. H. Yin, and H. W. Huang. 2015. “Rate-dependent and long-term yield stress and strength of soft Wenzhou marine clay: Experiments and modeling.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 33 (1): 79–91. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2013.797060.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 6 • June 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 1, 2019
Accepted: Feb 2, 2021
Published online: Mar 25, 2021
Published in print: Jun 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Aug 25, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.