Comparison of Wrinkles in White and Black HDPE Geomembranes
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 8
Abstract
Wrinkles were quantified and compared for 1.5-mm-thick, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes in 20-m-long and 13-m-wide control sections that were identical except for color—one had a black geomembrane, whereas the other, a coextruded white surface. On the two particular sunny summer days when wrinkles were compared, the peak temperature of the white geomembrane was 21–23°C cooler than that for the black geomembrane. Relative to the black geomembrane, wrinkles on the white geomembrane formed later in the morning and went away sooner in the evening and, at the hottest part of the day, were less frequent (approximately 12 versus 24% of the area) and had a much shorter maximum connected length (21% of maximum black length).
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was funded by GSE Environmental, NAUE, TAG Environmental, Terrafix Geosynthetics, Terrafix Environmental Technologies, and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC). The installation of the GCL and geomembrane liner was done by Terrafix Environmental Technologies. The geomembrane was manufactured and supplied by GSE Environmental. The GCL in the two sections discussed in this paper was manufactured by TAG Environmental and provided by Terrafix Geosynthetics. The Queen’s University Environmental Liner Test Site was constructed on property owned and kindly provided for research use by Cruickshank Construction Ltd.
References
ASTM. (2015a). “Standard test method for density of plastics by the density-gradient technique.” ASTM D1505, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2015b). “Standard test method for measuring asperity height of textured geomembranes.” ASTM D7466, West Conshohocken, PA.
Brachman, R. W. I., Rentz, A., Rowe, R. K., and Take, W. A. (2015). “Classification and quantification of downslope erosion from a GCL when covered only by a black geomembrane.” Can. Geotech. J., 52(4), 395–412.
Cadwallader, M., Cranston, M., and Peggs, I. D. (1993). “White-surfaced HDPE geomembranes: Assessing their significance to liner design and installation.” Proc., Geosynthetics’ 93, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, MN, 1065–1079.
Chappel, M. J., Brachman, R. W. I., Take, W. A., and Rowe, R. K. (2012a). “Large-scale quantification of wrinkles in a smooth black HDPE geomembrane.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 671–679.
Chappel, M. J., Rowe, R. K., Brachman, R. W. I., and Take, W. A. (2012b). “A comparison of geomembrane wrinkles for nine field cases.” Geosynthetics Int., 19(6), 453–469.
Giroud, J. P. (2005). “Quantification of geosynthetic behavior.” Geosynthetics Int., 12(1), 2–27.
Giroud, J. P., and Bonaparte, R. (2001). “Geosynthetics in liquid-containing structures.” Chapter 26, Geotechnical and geonvironmental engineering handbook, R. K. Rowe, ed., Kluwer Academic, Norwell, MA, 789–824.
Giroud, J. P., and Morel, N. (1992). “Analysis of geomembrane wrinkles.” Geotext. Geomembr., 11(3), 255–276.
Koerner, G. R., and Koerner, R. M. (1995). “Temperature behaviour of field deployed HDPE geomembranes.” Proc., Geosynthetics ’95, IFAI, Roseville, MN, 921–937.
Pelte, T., Pierson, P., and Gourc, J. P. (1994). “Thermal analysis of geomembranes exposed to solar radiation.” Geosynthetics Int., 1(1), 21–44.
Rowe, R. K. (1998). “Geosynthetics and the minimization of contaminant migration through barrier systems beneath solid waste.” Proc., 6th Int. Conf. on Geosynthetics, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, MN, 27–103.
Rowe, R. K. (2012). “Short and long-term leakage through composite liners.” Can. Geotech. J., 49(2), 141–169.
Rowe, R. K., Chappel, M. J., Brachman, R. W. I., and Take, W. A. (2012a). “Field study of wrinkles in a geomembrane at a composite liner test site.” Can. Geotech. J., 49(10), 1196–1211.
Rowe, R. K., Quigley, R. M., Brachman, R. W. I., and Booker, J. R. (2004). Barrier systems for waste disposal facilities, Taylor & Francis, London.
Rowe, R. K., Yang, P., Chappel, M. J., Brachman, R. W. I., and Take, W. A. (2012c). “Wrinkling of a geomembrane on a compacted clay liner on a slope.” Geotech. Eng. J. SEAGS & AGSSEA, 43(3), 11–18.
Take, W. A., Brachman, R. W. I., Rowe, R. K., and Rentz, A. (2014). “Temperature measurements of exposed GMB-GCL composite liners.” Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on Geosynthetics, IGS, Jupiter, FL.
Take, W. A., Chappel, M. J., Brachman, R. W. I., and Rowe, R. K. (2007). “Quantifying geomembrane wrinkles using aerial photography and digital image processing.” Geosynthetics Int., 14(4), 219–227.
Take, W. A., Rowe, R. K., Brachman, R. W. I., and Arnepalli, D. N. (2015). “Thermal exposure conditions for a composite liner with a black geomembrane exposed to solar radiation.” Geosynthetics Int., 22(1), 93–109.
Touze-Foltz, N., Schmittbuhl, J., and Memier, M. (2001). “Geometric and spatial parameters of geomembrane wrinkles on large scale model tests.” Proc., Geosynthetics 2011, Industrial Fabrics Association International, St. Paul, MN, 715–728.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 22, 2016
Accepted: Jan 24, 2017
Published online: Mar 30, 2017
Published in print: Aug 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Aug 30, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.