Ground Responses to Tunneling in Soft Soil Using the URUP Method
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 143, Issue 7
Abstract
The ultrarapid underpass (URUP) tunneling method, in which a shield machine is launched and received at the ground surface level, has been developed for tunneling in congested areas. This paper reports monitoring results of a full-scale test conducted for the first URUP tunneling project in China. In the investigation, special attention was paid to tunneling phases in which the shield machine was buried super-shallowly or partially above the ground surface. The paper focuses on the tunneling-induced soil movements and on the grouting process. Measurement results indicated that surface settlements can be represented by the commonly used Gaussian function regardless of the cover depth, and that the load-factor approach provides a fair prediction of the volume loss. A contracting transverse soil-displacement field was identified as the dominating pattern, although an expanding displacement field was observed at several locations. Pressure measurements were used to identify a time-dependent response of the grouting process.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The research was conducted with funding provided by the National Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41372276). The first and second authors would like to acknowledge the support provided by Shanghai Tunneling Engineering Co., Ltd.
References
Beijer, A. J. (2010). “Ultra rapid underpass: The adaption of the URUP method for the Netherlands.” M.S. thesis, Delft Univ. of Technology, Delft, Netherlands.
Bezuijen, A., Talmon, A., Kaalberg, F., and Plugge, R. (2004). “Field measurements of grout pressures during tunnelling of the Sophia rail tunnel.” Soils Found., 44(1), 39–48.
Broms, B. B., and Bennermark, H. (1967). “Stability of clay at vertical opening.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 93(SM1), 71–94.
Clough, G. W., Sweeney, B. P., and Finno, R. J. (1983). “Measured soil response to EPB shield tunneling.” J. Geotech. Eng., 131–149.
Davis, E. H., Gunn, M. J., Mair, R. J., and Seneviratne, H. N. (1980). “The stability of shallow tunnels and underground openings in cohesive material.” Géotechnique, 30(4), 397–416.
Dimmock, P. S., and Mair, R. J. (2007). “Estimating volume loss for open-face tunnels in London clay.” Proc. Inst. Civil Eng. Geotech. Eng., 160(1), 13–22.
Hauswirth, D., Standing, J. R., Wan, M. S. P., Puzrin, A. M., and Carrera, A. (2014). “Use of fibre-optic sensors for simple assessment of ground surface displacements during tunnelling.” Géotechnique, 64(10), 837–842.
Klar, A., Dromy, I., and Linker, R. (2014). “Monitoring tunneling induced ground displacements using distributed fiber-optic sensing.” Tunnelling Underground Space Technol., 40, 141–150.
Klar, A., and Klein, B. (2014). “Energy-based volume loss prediction for tunnel face advancement in clays.” Géotechnique, 64(10), 776–786.
Li, S. (2007). “Experiment and performance analysis of shear band for cohesive soil.” M.S. thesis, Nanjing Univ. of Technology, Nanjing, China (in Chinese).
Li, Y. (2011). “Geotechnical investigation report for Nanjing-Gaochun intercity metro project: Moling Rd. Station to Jiangjun Ave. Station in Contract DJ-XK01.” Jiangsu Province Transportation Planning and Design Institute Co., Ltd, Nanjing, China.
Liu, C., Zhang, Z. X., and Regueiro, R. A. (2014). “Pile and pile group response to tunnelling using a large diameter slurry shield—Case study in Shanghai.” Comput. Geotech., 59, 21–43.
Macklin, S. R. (1999). “The prediction of volume loss due to tunnelling in overconsolidated clay based on heading geometry and stability number.” Ground Eng., 32(4), 30–33.
Mair, R. J., Taylor, R. N., and Bracegirdle, A. (1993). “Subsurface settlement profiles above tunnels in clays.” Géotechnique, 43(2), 315–320.
Matula, M. (1981). “Rock and soil description and classification for engineering geological mapping report by the IAEG Commission on Engineering Geological Mapping.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 24(1), 235–274.
Mollon, G., Dias, D., and Soubra, A.-H. (2013). “Continuous velocity fields for collapse and blowout of a pressurized tunnel face in purely cohesive soil.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 37(13), 2061–2083.
O’Reilly, M., and New, B. (1982). “Settlements above tunnels in the United Kingdom-Their magnitude and prediction.” Tunnelling ‘82, IMM, London, 173–181.
Peck, B. (1969). “Deep Excavations and Tunneling in Soft Ground.” Proc., 7th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Sociedad Mexicana de Mecánica, Mexico City, 225–290.
Rankin, W. (1988). “Ground movements resulting from urban tunnelling: Predictions and effects.” Engineering Geology Special Publications, Geological Society, London, 5(1), 79–92.
Standing, J. R., and Selemetas, D. (2013). “Greenfield ground response to EPBM tunnelling in London Clay.” Géotechnique, 63(12), 989–1007.
Tokuda, T., Kinoshita, K., and Miki, K. (2006). “Construction of MRT Chaloem Ratchamongkhon Line underground structures north and Japanese shield tunnel technology.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Underground Excavation and Tunnelling, ITA, Lausanne, Switzerland, 47–56.
Zhang, S. (2004). “Study on ground settlement monitoring due to shield construction in metro tunnel.” M.S. thesis, Hohai Univ., Nanjing, China (in Chinese).
Zhang, Z. X., Hu, W., Liu, C., and Teng, L. (2013). “Investigation of ground pass shield tunnelling method based on large-scale model test and its engineering application.” Chinese J. Rock Mech. Eng., 32(11), 2161–2169 (in Chinese).
Zick, P., Sugihara, H., Takatoku, Y., and Sada, S. (2013). “URUP (ultra rapid underpass)–TBM excavation in soft ground from the surface elevation (zero overburden) without shaft and/or large scaled open cut pit.” Paper 13-1080, Proc., Transportation Research Board 92nd Annual Meeting, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 7 • July 2017
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 7, 2015
Accepted: Dec 7, 2016
Published online: Mar 9, 2017
Published in print: Jul 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Aug 9, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.