Abstract
A database of shear-wave velocity () measurements using a variety of techniques and soil properties measured on high-quality samples for 28 Norwegian sites has been established. The purpose was to evaluate the different methods of measuring , to present guidelines and correlations to assist in estimating profiles in these clays in the absence of site-specific data, and to outline relationships that can be used to give first-order estimates of soil properties. It was found that consistent measurements of can be obtained from a variety of techniques and that for practical engineering purposes the values obtained from the different methods are similar. Surface wave techniques can be particularly useful but careful survey design is necessary and in particular the inversion process needs to be carefully controlled. Differences of about 15–20% can be obtained in the values depending on the algorithm used. values for Norwegian clays are consistent with well-established frameworks for other materials, based on relationships between effective stress and index parameters. Piezocone penetration testing (CPTU) can be used to give acceptable estimates of and this includes techniques which utilize the CPTU data only and are independent of any index property. correlates well with triaxial compression and direct simple shear derived undrained shear strength () values. There appears to be a particularly good link between and preconsolidation stress (). Satisfactory relationships also exist between and the tangent moduli of the clays at in situ stress () and at ().
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Acknowledgments
This work is funded by the Norwegian Geotechnical Society (NGF) through NGF stipend 2014-2015 and through the NFR strategic research project SP8-GEODIP at NGI. The authors would like to thank their many colleagues at NGI, NTNU, Multiconsult, SVV, APEX, and UCD for help in assembling the large dataset. The authors gratefully acknowledge their colleagues’ assistance during field-data acquisition as well as their numerous helpful discussions.
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Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 143 • Issue 6 • June 2017
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©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Mar 21, 2016
Accepted: Sep 11, 2016
Published online: Feb 13, 2017
Published in print: Jun 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Jul 13, 2017
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