Controlled Permeation Grouting Method for Mitigation of Liquefaction
Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 142, Issue 11
Abstract
The application of silica stabilizers to a liquefiable ground covered by existing structures is a challenge to engineers. This paper provides details of ground improvement under the runway and around the common ducts of Fukuoka International Airport. The ground was improved via a newly developed controlled curved drilling machine to enable controlled permeation grouting under the runway without any disturbance to its operation. At this stage approximately 100 m of the runway has been improved. Experiments on the gel time and the form of chemical diffusion at different injection times secured the improvement of ground in the desired zone, and a posttreatment investigation confirmed this improvement.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and encouragement of Mr. Makoto Morihashi of the Kyushu Regional Development Bureau, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT). The authors’ sincere thanks go also to Mr. Osamu Iriyama and Mr. Atsushi Miyake of Raito Kogyo Co., Ltd., for their esteemed contributions to this practical study.
References
Coastal Development Institute of Technology. (2010). Technical manual for permeation grouting method, Tokyo.
Conlee, C., Gallagher, P., Boulanger, R., and Kamai, R. (2012). “Centrifuge modeling for liquefaction mitigation using colloidal silica stabilizer.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1334–1345.
Delfosse-Ribay, E., Djeran-Maigre, I., Cabrillac, R., and Gouvenot, D. (2004). “Shear modulus and damping ratio of grouted sand.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 24(6), 461–471.
Gallagher, P., Conlee, C., and Rollins, K. (2007). “Full-scale field testing of colloidal silica grouting for mitigation of liquefaction risk.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 186–196.
Gallagher, P. M., and Mitchell, J. K. (2002). “Influence of colloidal silica grout on liquefaction potential and cyclic undrained behaviour of loose sand.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 22(9–12), 1017–1026.
Hayashi, K., and Kusumoto, S. (2002). “A method to countermeasure the liquefaction beneath the existing structures.” WAVE Nippon, 16, 12–15.
Hayashi, K., Miyoshi, Y., Zen, K., Yamazaki, A., and Yoneya, H. (1996). “Fundamental tests on stabilized sand using acid silica sol.” Proc., 2nd Int. Conf. on Ground Improvement Geosystems, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 695–700.
Hayashi, K., Zen, K., and Yamazaki, A. (2000). “A field test on a new chemical grouting method to improve the liquefaction resistance of sandy layers beneath the existing structure.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Coastal Geotechnical Engineering in Practice, Vol. 1, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 291–297.
Hayashi, K., Zen, K., and Yamazaki, A. (2004). “Diffusion and advection phenomenon of soluble type grouting.” J. Jpn. Soc. Civ. Eng., 2004(771), 11–20.
Ikeno, K., Mitou, M., Nakazawa, H., and Sugano, T. (2011). “Countermeasure for liquefaction to runway ground by application of chemical grouting method.” Proc., Int. Symp. on Deformation Characteristics of Geomaterials, IOS Press, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Japan Port and Harbor Association. (2007). “Technical standards for port and harbour facilities.” Tokyo.
JGS (Japanese Geotechnical Society). (2009). “Laboratory testing standards of geomaterials.” JGS 0541-2009, Vol. 2, Tokyo, 730.
Jurinak, J. J., Summers, L. E., and Bennett, K. E. (1989). “Oilfield application of colloidal silica gel.” Proc., Society of Petroleum Engineers Int. Symp. on Oil Field Chemistry, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Dallas, 406–412.
Kawamura, K., Yamazaki, H., Sugano, T., and Hayashi, K. (2004). “Proof experiment using artificial earthquake concerning effect of permeable grouting method as measures against liquefaction.” Proc., 13th World Conf. on Earthquake Engineering, Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering, International Association for Earthquake Engineering.
Miyamoto, K., Hayashi, K., Kawamura, K., Hayashi, N., Sasaki, K., and Nodani, H. (2000). “Shaking table test of tank foundation improved by a chemical grouting method using colloidal silica.” Proc., 4th Ground Improvement Symp., Japanese Geotechnical Society, Tokyo, 37–42.
Moridis, G. J., et al. (1996). “A field test of a waste containment technology using a new generation of injectable barrier liquids.” Proc., Int. Topical Meeting on Nuclear and Hazardous Waste Management (Spectrum ’96), American Nuclear Society, Chicago.
Noll, M. R., Epps, D. E., Bartlett, C. L., and Chen, P. J. (1993). “Pilot field application of a colloidal silica gel technology for in situ hot spot stabilization and horizontal grouting.” Proc., 7th National Outdoor Action Conf., National Ground Water Association, Las Vegas, 207–219.
Pamuk, A., Gallagher, P. M., and Zimmie, T. (2007). “Remediation of pile foundations against lateral spreading by passive site stabilization technique.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 27(9), 864–874.
Yamazaki, H., Hayashi, K., and Zen, K. (2005). “New liquefaction countermeasure based on pore water replacement.” Proc., 16th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, International Society of Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 2741–2746.
Zen, K., Hayashi, K., Yamazaki, H., and Hirasawa, M. (2014). “Variations of liquefaction strength induced by the different injection processes in the permeation grouting method.” Proc., XV Danube-European Conf. on Geotechnical Engineering, Austrian Society of Engineers and Architects.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 3, 2015
Accepted: Mar 4, 2016
Published online: Jun 9, 2016
Published in print: Nov 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Nov 9, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.