Interaction between Laterally Loaded Pile and Surrounding Soil
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 141, Issue 4
Abstract
A fully instrumented experiment was conducted to investigate the soil-structure interaction of single short, stiff laterally loaded piles. A hollow steel pipe pile with a diameter of 102 mm, a thickness of 6.4 mm, and a length of 1.524 m was installed in well-graded sand and subjected to increasing lateral load. The pile and surrounding soil were fully instrumented using advanced sensors, including flexible shape acceleration arrays, thin tactile pressure sheets, and in-soil null pressure sensors. The sensors attached to the pile were used to develop the compressive soil-pile interaction pressures and the lateral displacement along the pile length. The tactile pressure sheet sensors provided the soil-pile interaction compressive pressures on the circumference of the pile at a specific depth and along the length of the pile. The measured soil-pile interaction compressive pressures combined with the measured lateral displacement along the pile length were used to develop the soil-pile interaction force-displacement relationships ( curves) using direct measurements. In addition, the in-soil null pressure sensor measurements were used to develop the distribution of horizontal stress changes around the pile as the lateral pile displacement increased. When appropriate, the measured results were compared with data and methods available in the literature.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the support of the Civil, Mechanical, and Manufacturing Innovation (CMMI) Division of the National Science Foundation (No. 0820640). The research team would like acknowledge the efforts of several undergraduate students, including Pierre Bick from Lehigh University and Matthew O’Loughlin and Martin Anderson from Lafayette College. The authors would also like to acknowledge the help of Edward Tomlinson, instrumentation and system specialist at Lehigh University’s Advanced Technology for Large Structural Systems (ATLSS) Engineering Research Center.
References
Ashour, M., Norris, G., and Elfass, S. (2008). “Analysis of laterally loaded long or intermediate drilled shafts of small or large diameter in layered soil.”, Univ. of Nevada, Reno, NV.
ASTM. (2006a). “Standard test methods for maximum index density and unit weight of soils using a vibratory table.” D4253–06, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2006b). “Standard test methods for minimum index density and unit weight of soils and calculation of relative density.” D4254–06, West Conshohocken, PA.
ASTM. (2007). “Standard test methods for deep foundations under lateral load.” D3966–07, West Conshohocken, PA.
Brinch-Hansen, J. (1961). “The ultimate resistance of rigid piles against transversal forces.” Bulletin Representative No. 12, Danish Geotechnical Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, 5–9.
Broms, B. B. (1964). “Lateral resistance of piles in cohesionless soil.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Div., 90(4), 27–63.
Brown, D. A., Morrison, C., and Reese, L. C. (1988). “Lateral load behavior of pile group in sand.” J. Geotech. Eng., 1261–1276.
Cetin, K. O., et al. (2004). “Liquefaction-induced lateral spreading at Izmit Bay during the Kocaeli (Izmit)-Turkey earthquake.” J. Geotech. Eng., 1300–1313.
Chari, T. R., and Meyerhof, G. G. (1983). “Ultimate capacity of rigid single piles under inclined loads in sand.” Can. Geotech. J., 20(4), 849–854.
Choi, H. Y., Lee, S. R., Park, H., and Kim, D. H. (2013). “Evaluation of lateral load capacity of bored piles in weathered granite soil.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1477–1489.
Dunnavant, T. W., and O’Neill, M. W. (1989). “Experimental p-y model for submerged, stiff clay.” J. Geotech. Eng., 95–114.
Fan, C., and Long, J. H. (2005). “Assessment of existing methods for predicting soil response of laterally loaded piles in sand.” Comput. Geotech., 32(4), 274–289.
Fleming, W. G. K., Weltman, A. J., Randolph, M. F., and Elson, W. K. (1992). Piling engineering, Wiley, New York.
Hajialilue-Bonab, M., Sojoudi, Y., and Puppala, A. J. (2013). “Study of strain wedge parameters for laterally loaded piles.” Int. J. Geomech., 143–152.
Janbu, N. (1963). “Soil compressibility as determined by oedometer and triaxial tests.” Proc., European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Wiesbaden, Germany, Vol. 1, 19–25.
Joo, J. S. (1985). “Behavior of large scale rigid model piles under inclined loads in sand.” MS thesis, Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada.
Kim, Y., and Jeong, S. (2011). “Analysis of soil resistance on laterally loaded piles based on 3D soil-pile interaction.” Comput. Geotech., 38(2), 248–257.
Lee, J., Paik, K., Kim, D., and Park, D. (2012). “Estimation of ultimate lateral load capacity of piles in sands using calibration chamber tests.” Geotech. Test. J., 35(4), 1–12.
Meyerhof, G. G., and Sastry, V. V. R. N. (1985). “Bearing capacity of rigid piles under eccentric and inclined loads.” Can. Geotech. J., 22(3), 267–276.
Palmer, M. C., O’Rourke, T. D., Olson, N. A., Abdoun, T., Ha, D., and O’Rourke, M. J. (2009). “Tactile pressure sensors for soil-structure interaction assessment.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 1638–1645.
Petrasovits, G., and Award, A. (1972). “Ultimate lateral resistance of a rigid pile in cohesionless soil.” Proc., 5th European Conf. on SMFE 3, The Spanish Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation, 407–412.
Prasad, Y. V. S. N., and Chari, T. R. (1999). “Lateral capacity of model rigid piles in cohesionless soils.” Soils Found., 39(2), 21–29.
Reese, L. C. (1977). “Laterally loaded piles: Program documentation.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div., 103(GT4), 287–305.
Reese, L. C., Isenhower, W. M., and Wang, S. T. (2006). Analysis and design of shallow and deep foundations, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.
Robertson, P. K. (2010). “Evaluation of flow liquefaction and liquefied strength using the cone penetration test.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 842–853.
Seed, H. B., Idriss, I. M., and Arango, I. (1983). “Evaluation of liquefaction potential using field performance data.” J. Geotech. Eng., 458–482.
Seed, H. B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L. F., and Chung, R. M. (1985). “The influence of SPT procedures in soil liquefaction resistance evaluations.” J. Geotech. Eng., 1425–1445.
Smith, T. D. (1987). “Pile horizontal modulus values.” J. Geotech. Eng., 1040–1044.
Talesnick, M. L. (2005). “Measuring soil contact pressure on a solid boundary and quantifying soil arching.” Geotech. Test. J., 28(2), 171–179.
Uncuoglu, E., and Laman, M. (2011). “Lateral resistance of a short rigid pile in two-layer cohesionless soil.” ACTA Geotech. Slovenica, 2011(2), 19–43.
Wilson, D. W. (1998). “Soil-pile-superstructure interaction in liquefying sand and soft clay.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Univ. of California, Davis, CA.
Yang, K., and Liang, R. (2007). “Methods for deriving p-y curves from instrumented lateral load tests.” Geotech. Test. J., 30(1), 31–38.
Youd, T. L., DeDen, D. W., Bray, J. D., Sancio, R., Cetin, K. O., and Gerber, T. M. (2009). “Zero-displacement lateral spreads, 1999 Kocaeli, Turkey, earthquake.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 46–61.
Zhang, L, (2009). “Nonlinear analysis of laterally loaded rigid piles in cohesionless soil.” Comput. Geotech., 36(5), 718–724.
Zhang, L., Silva, F., and Grismala, R. (2005). “Ultimate lateral resistance to piles in cohesionless soils.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 78–83.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 10, 2014
Accepted: Nov 6, 2014
Published online: Dec 8, 2014
Published in print: Apr 1, 2015
Discussion open until: May 8, 2015
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.