TECHNICAL PAPERS
Feb 25, 2009

Effect of Cracking on the Response of Pile Test under Horizontal Loading

Publication: Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135, Issue 9

Abstract

Capacity-based design of structures limits the soil-structure interaction mechanism to the determination of the bearing capacity of a pile group. However, in many cases the criterion for the design of piles to resist lateral loads is not the ultimate lateral capacity but the deflection of the piles. Many procedures exist for estimating the response of single piles and pile groups under lateral loading, ranging from application of empirical relationships and simple closed-form solutions to sophisticated nonlinear numerical procedures. With the aim of investigating the effect of cracking, disregarded by most of the above-mentioned methods, a three-dimensional (3D) nonlinear analysis that accounts for cracking is presented. Response prediction correlates well with the experimental data from a full-scale pile load test. Interesting conclusions have also been drawn regarding the discretization of the computational domain and the combination of 3D numerical nonlinear analysis and the structural beam theory.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

The permission given by Egnatia Odos S.A. to publish this article is gratefully acknowledged.

References

American Concrete Institute (ACI). (2005). “Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary.” ACI 318-05 and ACI 318R-05, Detroit.
Bishop, A. W., and Hight, D. W. K. (1977). “The values of Poisson’s ratio in saturated soil and rocks stressed under undrained conditions.” Geotechnique, 27(3), 369–384.
Canadian Geotechnical Society. (1992). Canadian foundation engineering manual, British Publishers Ltd., Vancouver B.C., Canada.
Cedolin, L., Darwin, D., Ingraffea, A. R., Pecknold, E. A., and Schnobrich, W. C. (1982).“Concrete cracking.” State of the art Rep. on finite element analysis of reinforced concrete, ASCE, New York, 204–233.
Comodromos, E. M., Papadopoulou, M. C., and Bousgolitou, X. A. (2007a). “Geotechnical investigation for the project of the bridge connecting the port to the motorway Thessaloniki-Athens.” Geotechnical Evaluation Rep. Prepared for GeoStatiki S.A., GeoStatiki S.A., Thessaloniki, Greece.
Comodromos, E. M., Papadopoulou, M. C., and Bousgolitou, X. A. (2007b). “Pile testing for the project of the bridge connecting the port to the motorway Thessaloniki-Athens.” Technical Rep. Prepared for GeoStatiki S.A., GeoStatiki S.A., Thessaloniki, Greece.
Comodromos, E. M., and Pitilakis, K. D. (2005). “Response evaluation of horizontally loaded fixed-head pile groups using 3-D nonlinear analysis.” Int. J. Numer. Analyt. Meth. Geomech., 29(6), 597–625.
DIN 4014. (1990). “Bored piles, construction procedure, design and bearing behaviour.” German Code, Berlin.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2001). “Design of concrete structures—Part 1.” Eurocode 2, London, ENV 1992–1-1.
European Committee for Standardization (CEN). (2003). “Geotechnical design—Part 1.” Eurocode 7, London, DD ENV 1997–1.
Fleming, W. G., Weltman, A. J., Randolph, M. F., and Elso, W. K. (1992). Piling engineering, E & FN Spon, New York.
Itasca Consulting Group. (2005). FLAC3D user’s and theory manuals, version 3.0, Minneapolis.
McVay, M., Ahang, L., Molnit, T., and Lai, P. (1998). “Centrifuge testing of large laterally loaded pile groups in sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 124(10), 1016–1026.
Naval Facilities Engineering Command. (1982). Foundations and earth structures design manual 7.2, NAVFAC DM-7.2, Dept. of the Navy, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Virginia.
Ngo, D., and Scordelis, A. C. (1967). “Centrifuge testing of large laterally loaded pile groups in sand.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 64(3), 152–163.
Park, R., and Paulay, T. (1975). Reinforced concrete structures, Wiley, New York.
Peterson, K. T., and Rollins, K. M. (1996). “Static and dynamic lateral load testing of a full-scale pile group in clay.” Res. Rep. No. CEG 96–02, Brigham Young Univ., Utah.
Poulos, H. G., and Davis, E. H. (1980). Pile foundation analysis and design, Wiley, New York.
Randolph, M. F. (1981). “The response of flexible piles to lateral loading.” Geotechnique, 31(2), 247–259.
Reese, L. C. (1977). “Laterally loaded piles: Program documentation.” J. Geotech. Engrg. Div., 103, 287–305.
Reese, L. C., and Van Impe, W. F. (2001). Single piles and pile groups under lateral loading, Balkema, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Smethurst, J. A., and Powrie, W. (2007). “Monitoring and analysis of the bending behaviour of discrete piles used to stabilise a railway embankment.” Geotechnique, 57(8), 663–677.
Sofistik A.G. (2003). SOFISTIK finite element code and user’s manuals, Munich, Germany.
Tomlinson, M. J. (1994). Pile design and construction practice, E & FN Spon, London.
Wakai, A., Gose, S., and Ugai, K. (1999). “3-D elasto-plastic finite element analyses of pile foundations subjected to lateral loading.” Soil Found., 39(1), 97–111.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering
Volume 135Issue 9September 2009
Pages: 1275 - 1284

History

Received: Jan 15, 2008
Accepted: Jan 23, 2009
Published online: Feb 25, 2009
Published in print: Sep 2009

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Emilios M. Comodromos [email protected]
Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Univ. of Thessaly, Pedion Areos, 383 34 Volos, Greece (corresponding author). E-mail: [email protected]
Mello C. Papadopoulou [email protected]
MSc, Senior Engineer, GeoStatiki S. A. Consulting Engineers, 3 Sapfous Str., 54627 Thessaloniki, Greece. E-mail: [email protected]
Ioannis K. Rentzeperis [email protected]
Ing. Dr., C.E.O., Egnatia Odos S.A., P.O. Box 60030, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece. E-mail: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share