Probabilistic Analyses of a Post-Grouted Anchor–Soil Bond Friction Performance Considering the Geological Origin and the SPT-N Tendency with Depth
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 1
Abstract
This paper presents a probabilistic study of anchor–soil bond stress performance in a post-grouted anchor wall. The variability of geotechnical shear strength parameters will be described by a probability density function (PDF) and as a linear and squared shear strength function with depth based on widely available standard penetration test (SPT) data on two geologies (mudflows and residual soils). Monte Carlo simulation was carried out to evaluate the mean and standard deviation of ultimate anchor strength. The study allows the factor of safety (FS) to be determined to achieve a target probability of failure (pf). The first analyses consist of a probabilistic analysis without considering the shear strength varying with depth (SSVD), while the second one includes SSVD. Probabilistic analyses (without SSVD) show that a reduction of the pf depends only on the design FS. The probabilistic SSVD analyses showed that the N-value at the surface (N0), and the function gradient (ρ) had an important influence on the anchor pf. It is shown that the use of an overall FS can be considered as a high-risk design for soils with a high N0 variability and low ρ. Therefore, the target pf shows that the top anchors are the most critical, so higher FS values are required (FS > 2.5), especially for mudflow soils.
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Acknowledgments
The author would like to acknowledge the financial support to this research project under the National Doctoral Grant Scheme No. 727 of 2015, provided by the Administrative Department of Science, Technology, and Innovation of Colombia – Colciencias.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- C′
- effective cohesion;
- Cu
- undrained shear strength;
- CV
- coefficient of variation;
- Ds
- diameter of injected fixed anchor (m);
- Es
- soil elastic Young’s;
- Lfix
- fixed length;
- Lunb
- unbounded length;
- N0
- N value at the surface from the regression analyses (Z = 0);
- (N1)60
- number of blows corrected of overburden and for a 60% of energy;
- pf
- probability of failure;
- ptarget
- target probability of failure;
- qs
- ultimate bond or skin friction at soil/grout interface (kPa);
- qs, RSI
- ultimate bond or skin friction at soil/grout interface for the repetitive selective injection (kPa);
- SH
- horizontal anchor spacing;
- SV
- vertical anchor spacing;
- Thi
- horizontal load for the i anchor;
- Zi
- i location of the anchor at the skin installation point;
- α
- anchor inclination with respect to the horizontal axis;
- μ
- mean;
- ρ
- gradient of the function increase with depth;
- σ
- standard deviation; and
- ϕ′
- effective friction angle.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 1 • January 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Mar 28, 2022
Accepted: Aug 7, 2022
Published online: Nov 4, 2022
Published in print: Jan 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 4, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Anchors
- Construction engineering
- Construction methods
- Engineering fundamentals
- Equipment and machinery
- Geology
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Geotechnical investigation
- Grouting
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Mathematics
- Penetration tests
- Probability
- Shear strength
- Soil mechanics
- Soil properties
- Soil strength
- Strength of materials
- Stress (by type)
- Stress analysis
- Structural analysis
- Structural engineering
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