Experimental Study and Mathematical Description of Gradation Effect on the Mechanical Characteristics of Crushed Waste Rocks
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23, Issue 2
Abstract
Crushed waste rocks, generated from mining operations, have been widely used for mining infrastructure constructions such as haul roads because of their low cost, high strength, and availability. Crushed waste rock gradation can, however, vary greatly, depending on blasting, mineralogy, and crushing process, but it is a key factor influencing the mechanical properties of crushed waste rocks (including resilient modulus, permanent deformation, and shear strength). Gradation should therefore be optimized to enhance their performance in the field. A series of repeated load and monotonic triaxial tests were carried out on crushed waste rocks with different gravel-to-sand (GS) ratios and fines contents (FC). Results showed that the optimum GS ratio was between 1 and 1.5 and contributed to provide higher resilient modulus and shear strength, and lower permanent strain. An increase in FC could, to the contrary, result in the decrease of resilient modulus and permanent strain and also a significant increase in shear strength. The structure state of crushed waste rocks was quantified using the cm model, and the mechanical properties of crushed waste rocks were dominated by sand and fines when the content of sand and fines was higher than 80%, while it was dominated by gravel particles as the content of sand and fines was lower than 60%. Here, the MR − θ model and the Rahman and Erlingsson model (extended using time-hardening approach) were well adapted to describe resilient modulus and accumulated permanent strain, respectively. Prediction models were also developed based on correlation analyses to predict the resilient modulus and permanent strain of crushed waste rocks based on gradation parameters.
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Acknowledgments
This work was carried out with the financial support from FRQNT and the industrial partners of the Research Institute on Mines and the Environment (http://irme.ca/). The repeated load triaxial test equipment used in this study was acquired with a CFI grant.
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International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 23 • Issue 2 • February 2023
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© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 3, 2021
Accepted: Jul 27, 2022
Published online: Nov 21, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Apr 21, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Engineering fundamentals
- Geomechanics
- Geotechnical engineering
- Gravels
- Infrastructure
- Infrastructure resilience
- Laboratory tests
- Material mechanics
- Material properties
- Materials engineering
- Mechanical properties
- Pavements
- Resilient modulus
- Rock mechanics
- Rock properties
- Shear modulus
- Shear strength
- Strength of materials
- Tests (by type)
- Transportation engineering
- Triaxial tests
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