Investigation of the Penetration Resistance Coefficients for the CPT-Based Method for Suction Bucket Foundation Installation in Sand
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22, Issue 6
Abstract
The current practice for estimating the penetration resistance of suction bucket foundations requires breaking down the penetration resistance into tip and skirt resistance components. Cone penetration test (CPT)-based methodology correlates these components to the cone resistance measurements through empirical coefficients. In this study, an experimental campaign involving suction installation, jacking, and pullout tests on suction buckets with a large aspect ratio (i.e., L/D = 1, where L is the skirt length and D is the diameter) atop sand deposits of varying relative densities was performed to identify the important factors that are involved in the installation procedure but are not well understood. The following factors were studied: the influence of the friction area in caissons of round and modular shapes, the dilative behavior of sand, the soil–structure interface friction angle, and the penetration depth. The experimental results of the jacking installation tests indicated that a larger friction area significantly increased the penetration resistance; however, this effect was completely diminished when foundation suction-assisted penetration was used. Based on these results, modified friction resistance and tip resistance factors in the empirical expressions accounting for the relative density and penetration depth were proposed. Finally, the required suction pressure was back-analyzed by utilizing these empirical relations, reduction factors, and the critical pressure.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The work presented in this paper is a part of the Energy Technology Development and Demonstration Program (EUDP) project, entitled “Offshore Wind Suction Bucket on an Industrial Scale,” both Part 1 and Part 2 (Project Nos. 64015-0625 and 64018-0066). It was also funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program under Grant No. 818153. Additionally, this study was funded as part of the i4Offshore Project (Integrated Implementation of Industrial Innovations for Offshore Wind Cost Reduction). The authors greatly appreciate the financial support.
References
Achmus, M., C. T. Akdag, and K. Thieken. 2013. “Load-bearing behavior of suction bucket foundations on sand.” Appl. Ocean Res. 43: 157–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2013.09.001.
Andersen, K. H., H. P. Jostad, and R. Dyvik. 2008. “Penetration resistance of offshore skirted foundations and anchors in dense sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 134 (1): 106–116. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2008)134:1(106).
Barari, A., and L. B. Ibsen. 2012. “Undrained response of bucket foundations to moment loading.” Appl. Ocean Res. 36: 12–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2012.01.003.
Borup, M., and J. Hedegaard. 1995. Baskarp Sand No. 15: Data report 9403. Aalborg Øst, Denmark: Aalborg Univ.
Chen, F., J. Lian, H. Wang, F. Liu, H. Wang, and Y. Zhao. 2016. “Large-scale experimental investigation of the installation of suction caissons in silt sand.” Appl. Ocean Res. 60: 109–120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2016.09.004.
DNV. 2019. DNVGL-RP-C212: Offshore soil mechanics and geotechnical engineering. Høvik, Norway: DNV.
Erbrich, C. T., A. Geomechanics, and T. I. T. Statoil. 1999. “Installation of bucket foundations and suction caissons in sand—Geotechnical performance.” In Proc., 31st Annual Offshore Technology Conf. Houston, TX.
Houlsby, G. T., and B. W. Byrne. 2004. Calculation procedures for installation of suction caissons. Rep. No. OUEL 2268/04. Oxford, UK: Univ. of Oxford.
Ibsen, L. B., M. Liingaard, and S. A. Nielsen. 2005. “Bucket foundation: A status.” In Proc., of the Copenhagen Offshore Wind, 1–15. Copenhagen, Denmark.
Ibsen, L. B., M. Hanson, T. Hjort, and M. Thaarup. 2009. MC-parameter calibration of Baskarp Sand No. 15. DCE Technical Reports No. 62. Aalborg Øst, Denmark: Aalborg Univ.
Ibsen, L. B., K. A. Larsen, and A. Barari. 2014. “Calibration of failure criteria for bucket foundations on drained sand under general loading.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 140 (7): 04014033. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000995.
Koteras, A. K., and L. B. Ibsen. 2018. “Reduction in soil penetration resistance for suction-assisted installation of bucket foundation in sand.” Phys. Modell. Geotech. 1: 623–628. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429438660-92.
Koteras, A. K., and L. B. Ibsen. 2019. “Medium-scale laboratory model of mono-bucket foundation for installation tests in sand.” Can. Geotech. J. 56 (8): 1142–1153. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2018-0134.
Lian, J., F. Chen, and H. Wang. 2014. “Laboratory tests on soil–skirt interaction and penetration resistance of suction caissons during installation in sand.” Ocean Eng. 84: 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2014.03.022.
Panagoulias, S., B. van Dijk, T. Drummen, A. Askarinejad, and F. Pisanò. 2017. “Critical suction pressure during installation of suction caissons in sand.” In Proc., Offshore Site Investigation Geotechnics 8th Int. Conf., 8: 570–577. London: Society for Underwater Technology.
Ragni, R., B. Bienen, S. Stanier, C. O’Loughlin, and M. Cassidy. 2019. “Observations during suction bucket installation in sand.” Int. J. Phys. Modell. Geotech. 20 (3): 132–149. https://doi.org/10.1680/jphmg.18.00071.
Senders, M., and M. F. Randolph. 2009. “CPT-based method for the installation of suction caissons in sand.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 135 (1): 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2009)135:1(14).
Sjelmo, Å. 2012. “Soil–structure interaction in cohesionless soils due to monotonic loading.” M.Sc. thesis, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Aalborg Univ.
Tran, M. N., M. F. Randolph, and D. W. Airey. 2007. “Installation of suction caissons in sand with silt layers.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 133 (10): 1183–1191. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:10(1183).
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Dec 2, 2020
Accepted: Dec 28, 2021
Published online: Mar 25, 2022
Published in print: Jun 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Aug 25, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.