Experimental Investigations on the Spillway Section Shape of the Breaching Process of Landslide Dams
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22, Issue 5
Abstract
Excavation of spillways at dam crest is one of the most commonly utilized and effective engineering practices to mitigate the risk of landslide dams. The influence of spillway section shape on the breaching process of landslide dams was examined in this research via the flume tests using dams with one triangle and two trapezoid spillways. A smart and green testing system was proposed to simulate the overtopping breach process of landslide dams. The experimental results showed that the triangle spillway had the best performance to reduce the peak breach discharge and delay the occurrence time of peak breach discharge. Due to the worst seepage erosion and the formation of scarp, the peak breach discharge of the wide trapezoid spillway was the largest and occurred most quickly. The performance of the deep trapezoid spillway was between those of the triangle and wide trapezoid spillways. Considering the inconvenience of triangular spillway excavation for rapid construction, the cross-section shape of a deep trapezoid was suggested in the excavation of spillways.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52079099) and the open funding of the State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science (Wuhan University) (No. 2019SGG02).
References
Cao, Z., Z. Yue, and G. Pender. 2011. “Landslide dam failure and flood hydraulics. Part I: Experimental investigation.” Nat. Hazard. 59 (2): 1003–1019. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-011-9814-8.
Chakraborty, S., A. J. Puppala, T. V. Bheemasetti, and J. T. Das. 2021. “Seismic slope stability analysis of a hydraulic fill dam.” Int. J. Geomech. 21 (1): 04020237. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001892.
Chen, X. Q., P. Cui, Y. Li, and W. Y. Zhao. 2011. “Emergency response to the Tangjiashan landslide-dammed lake resulting from the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China.” Landslides 8 (1): 91–98. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-010-0236-6.
Fan, X., D. G. Rossiter, C. J. van Westen, Q. Xu, and T. Görüm. 2014. “Empirical prediction of coseismic landslide dam formation.” Earth Surf. Processes Landforms 39 (14): 1913–1926. https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3585.
Gregoretti, C., A. Maltauro, and S. Lanzoni. 2010. “Laboratory experiments on the failure of coarse homogeneous sediment natural dams on a sloping bed.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 136 (11): 868–879. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000259.
Jiang, X. 2019. “Laboratory experiments on breaching characteristics of natural dams on sloping beds.” Adv. Civ. Eng. 2019: 5064093. https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/5064093.
Jiang, X., J. Huang, Y. Wei, Z. Niu, F. Chen, Z. Zou, and Z. Zhu. 2018. “The influence of materials on the breaching process of natural dams.” Landslides 15 (2): 243–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-017-0877-9.
Jiang, X., and Y. Wei. 2020. “Erosion characteristics of outburst floods on channel beds under the conditions of different natural dam downstream slope angles.” Landslides 17 (4): 1823–1834. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-020-01555-8.
Kuang, S., X. Wang, J. Huang, and Y. Wei. 2008. “Risk analysis and impact assessment of dam-break in barrier lake.” China Water Resour. 1 (16): 17–21.
Larese, A., R. Rossi, E. Oñate, M.Á. Toledo, R. Morán, and H. Campos. 2015. “Numerical and experimental study of overtopping and failure of rockfill dams.” Int. J. Geomech. 15 (4): 04014060. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000345.
Liu, N., Z. Chen, J. Zhang, W. Lin, W. Chen, and W. Xu. 2010. “Draining the Tangjiashan barrier lake.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 136 (11): 914–923. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000241.
Monteiro-Alves, R., M.Á. Toledo, and R. Morán. 2019. “Characterization of the overtopping flow through the downstream shell of rockfill dams.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 145 (6): 04019015. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0001598.
Morris, M. W., M. A. A. M. Hassan, and K. A. Vaskinn. 2005. Conclusions and recommendations from the IMPACT project WP2: Breach formation, 1–21. Wallingford, UK: HR Wallingford.
Peng, M., and L. M. Zhang. 2012. “Breaching parameters of landslide dams.” Landslides 9 (1): 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-011-0271-y.
Peng, M., and L. M. Zhang. 2013. “Dynamic decision making for dam-break emergency management—Part 2: Application to Tangjiashan landslide dam failure.” Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 13 (2): 439–454. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-439-2013.
Schuster, R. L., and S. G. Evans. 2011. “Engineering measures for the hazard reduction of landslide dams.” In Natural and artificial rockslide dams, edited by S. Evans, R. Hermanns, A. Strom, and G. Scarascia-Mugnozza, 77–100. Berlin: Springer.
Shi, Z. M., H. C. Zheng, M. Peng, and L. M. Zhang. 2016. “Breaching mechanism analysis of landslide dams considering different spillway schemes—A case study of Tangjiashan landslide dam.” J. Eng. Geol. 24 (5): 741–751.
Yang, X., Z. Yang, S. Cao, X. Gao, and S. Li. 2010. “Key techniques for the emergency disposal of Quake lakes.” Nat. Hazard. 52 (1): 43–56. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-009-9350-y.
Yin, Y., F. Wang, and P. Sun. 2009. “Landslide hazards triggered by the 2008 Wenchuan earthquake, Sichuan, China.” Landslides 6 (2): 139–152. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-009-0148-5.
You, Y., J. F. Liu, and X. Z. Chen. 2012. “Design of Sluiceway channel in a landslide dam triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake.” Disaster Adv. 5 (4): 241–249.
Zhao, T., S. Chen, C. Fu, and Q. Zhong. 2018. “Influence of diversion channel section type on landslide dam draining effect.” Environ. Earth Sci. 77 (2): 54. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-017-7217-1.
Zhao, W., X. Chen, Y. You, and J. Chen. 2015. “Dam-break characteristics of landslide dams with different types of open channel discharge sections.” Environ. Earth Sci. 74 (6): 1–10.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Oct 25, 2021
Accepted: Dec 20, 2021
Published online: Mar 2, 2022
Published in print: May 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Aug 2, 2022
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Ricardo Monteiro-Alves, Miguel Á. Toledo, Rafael Moran, Luis Balairón, Failure of the Downstream Shoulder of Rockfill Dams Due to Overtopping or Throughflow, Water, 10.3390/w14101624, 14, 10, (1624), (2022).