Abstract

In this paper, upper bound limit analysis that includes a horizontal pseudostatic seismic force is used for the first time to obtain the limit load on strip footings seated on cohesive-frictional soils reinforced with a single geosynthetic layer. Reinforcement tensile rupture and sliding failure modes for the geosynthetic layer are included in the analyses. Results of analyses are presented as optimum reinforcement depths and a bearing capacity equation with a single term and different bearing capacity factors for tensile rupture and sliding failure modes. The bearing capacity factors are presented in tables and capture the combined influence of the reinforcement strength, soil frictional strength and cohesion, soil unit weight, footing geometry, uniform surcharge, and magnitude of horizontal ground acceleration.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

Financial support was provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) through Grant Number RGPIN-2018-04076 held by the third author.

Notation

The following symbols are used in this paper:
a, b
regression coefficients;
B
foundation width;
c
soil cohesion;
d
embedment depth of reinforcement layer;
D˙
rate of internal work by the reinforcement;
fb
coefficient of interface friction;
fc
coefficient of interface adhesion;
kh
horizontal pseudostatic seismic coefficient;
l
reinforcement length;
LBE
length of surcharge zone;
le,i
reinforcement effective length in the ith block;
n
number of blocks in the multiwedge mechanism;
Nc
bearing capacity coefficient for the contribution of cohesion;
Ne
number of wedges through which reinforcement extends;
Nq
bearing capacity coefficient for the contribution of surcharge;
Nt
bearing capacity coefficient for the contribution of reinforcement;
Nγ
bearing capacity coefficient for the contribution of unit weight;
NγE
equivalent bearing capacity coefficient;
qf
surcharge pressure;
Qf
surcharge load;
qu
ultimate bearing capacity of foundation;
Qu
ultimate load of foundation;
quo
unreinforced soil bearing capacity;
Tt
reinforcement tensile strength per unit width of reinforcement;
VF
magnitude of velocity vector corresponding to zero horizontal velocity jump;
Vi
velocity of the ith block;
V*
total horizontal velocity jump for the reinforcement;
Wi
weight of the ith block;
αi, βi
interior angles of the ith block;
γ
soil unit weight;
εl
strain rate;
θ
angle between reinforcement and direction of the velocity jump vector;
[v]
magnitude of the velocity jump vector across the failure surface;
vl,i
relative reinforcement-soil velocity in the ith block;
σn
normal stress; and
φ
soil friction angle.

References

Abu-Farsakh, M. Y., J. Gu, G. Voyiadjis, and M. Tao. 2007. “Numerical parametric study of strip footing on reinforced embankment soils.” Transp. Res. Rec. 2004 (1): 132–140. https://doi.org/10.3141/2004-14.
Abu-Farsakh, M., Q. Chen, and R. Sharma. 2013. “An experimental evaluation of the behavior of footings on geosynthetic-reinforced sand.” Soils Found. 53 (2): 335–348. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2013.01.001.
Adams, M. T., and J. G. Collin. 1997. “Large model spread footing load tests on geosynthetic reinforced soil foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 123 (1): 66–72. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1997)123:1(66).
AASHTO. 2020. LRFD bridge design specifications. 9th ed. Washington, DC: AASHTO.
CSA (Canadian Standards Association). 2019. Canadian highway bridge design code. CAN/CSA-S6-19, Section 6.19—Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) Wall Systems. Rexdale, ON, Canada: CSA.
Basudhar, P. K., P. M. Dixit, A. Gharpure, and K. Deb. 2008. “Finite element analysis of geotextile-reinforced sand-bed subjected to strip loading.” Geotext. Geomembr. 26 (1): 91–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2007.04.002.
Berg, R. R., B. R. Christopher, and N. C. Samtani. 2009. Design and construction of mechanically stabilized earth walls and reinforced soil slopes. Washington, DC: DOT, FHWA, National Highway Institute.
Binquet, J., and K. L. Lee. 1975. “Bearing capacity tests on reinforced earth slabs.” J. Geotech. Eng. Div. 101 (12): 1241–1255. https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000219.
Biswas, N., and P. Ghosh. 2019. “Bearing capacity factors for isolated surface strip footing resting on multi-layered reinforced soil bed.” Indian Geotech. J. 49 (1): 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-017-0293-z.
Chakraborty, D., and J. Kumar. 2014a. “Bearing capacity of strip foundations in reinforced soils.” Int. J. Geomech. 14 (1): 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000275.
Chakraborty, M., and J. Kumar. 2014b. “Bearing capacity of circular foundations reinforced with geogrid sheets.” Soils Found. 54 (4): 820–832. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.06.013.
Chen, Q., and M. Abu-Farsakh. 2015. “Ultimate bearing capacity analysis of strip footings on reinforced soil foundation.” Soils Found. 55 (1): 74–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sandf.2014.12.006.
Chenari, R. J., A. Izadi, and M. Nazemi Sabet Soumehsaraei. 2018. “Discussion of ‘Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footing with Coulomb failure mechanism using limit equilibrium method’ by S. Ghosh, L. Debnath. December 2017, volume 35, issue 6, pp. 2647–2661.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 36 (6): 4037–4040. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0268-y.
Dash, S. K., K. Rajagopal, and N. R. Krishnaswamy. 2004. “Performance of different geosynthetic reinforcement materials in sand foundations.” Geosynth. Int. 11 (1): 35–42. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.2004.11.1.35.
Demir, A., M. Laman, A. Yildiz, and M. Ornek. 2013. “Large scale field tests on geogrid-reinforced granular fill underlain by clay soil.” Geotext. Geomembr. 38: 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2012.05.007.
Demir, A., A. Yildiz, M. Laman, and M. Ornek. 2014. “Experimental and numerical analyses of circular footing on geogrid-reinforced granular fill underlain by soft clay.” Acta Geotech. 9 (4): 711–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-013-0207-x.
Ghosh, S., and L. Debnath. 2017. “Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footing with Coulomb failure mechanism using limit equilibrium method.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 35 (6): 2647–2661. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-017-0268-y.
Huang, C. C., and F. Tatsuoka. 1988. “Prediction of bearing capacity in level sandy ground reinforced with strip reinforcement.” In Proc., Int. Geotechnical Symp. on Theory and Practice of Earth Reinforcement, 191–196. Rotterdam, Netherlands: Balkema.
Huang, C. C., and F. Tatsuoka. 1990. “Bearing capacity of reinforced horizontal sandy ground.” Geotext. Geomembr. 9 (1): 51–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/0266-1144(90)90005-W.
Huang, C., and L. Hong. 2000. “Ultimate bearing capacity and settlement of footings on reinforced sandy ground.” Soils Found. 40 (5): 65–73. https://doi.org/10.3208/sandf.40.5_65.
Huang, C. C. 2017. “Model tests on the bearing capacity of reinforced saturated sand ground.” Geosynth. Int. 24 (2): 114–124. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgein.16.00018.
Izadi, A., M. Nazemi Sabet Soumehsaraei, R. J. Chenari, and A. Ghorbani. 2019. “Pseudo-static bearing capacity of shallow foundations on heterogeneous marine deposits using limit equilibrium method.” Mar. Georesour. Geotechnol. 37 (10): 1163–1174. https://doi.org/10.1080/1064119X.2018.1539535.
Kazi, M., S. K. Shukla, and D. Habibi. 2015. “An improved method to increase the load-bearing capacity of strip footing resting on geotextile-reinforced sand bed.” Indian Geotech. J. 45 (1): 98–109. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40098-014-0111-9.
Keshavarz, A., M. Jahanandish, and A. Ghahramani. 2011. “Seismic bearing capacity analysis of reinforced soils by the method of stress characteristics.” Iran. J. Sci. Technol. Trans. Civ. Eng. 35 (C2): 185–197.
Kotake, N., F. Tatsuoka, T. Tanaka, M. S. A. Siddiquee, and C. C. Huang. 2001. “FEM simulation of the bearing capacity of level reinforced sand ground subjected to footing load.” Geosynth. Int. 8 (6): 501–549. https://doi.org/10.1680/gein.8.0205.
Kumar, J., and J. P. Sahoo. 2013. “Bearing capacity of strip foundations reinforced with geogrid sheets by using upper bound finite-element limit analysis.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 37 (18): 3258–3277. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.2189.
Love, J. P., H. J. Burd, G. W. E. Milligan, and G. T. Houlsby. 1987. “Analytical and model studies of reinforcement of a layer of granular fill on a soft clay subgrade.” Can. Geotech. J. 24 (4): 611–622. https://doi.org/10.1139/t87-075.
Michalowski, R. L. 2004. “Limit loads on reinforced foundation soils.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 130 (4): 381–390. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2004)130:4(381).
Otani, J., H. Ochiai, and K. Yamamoto. 1998. “Bearing capacity analysis of reinforced foundations on cohesive soil.” Geotext. Geomembr. 16 (4): 195–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(98)00005-3.
Sahu, R., C. R. Patra, B. M. Das, and N. Sivakugan. 2016. “Ultimate bearing capacity of rectangular foundation on geogrid-reinforced sand under eccentric load.” Int. J. Geotech. Eng. 10 (1): 52–56. https://doi.org/10.1179/1939787915Y.0000000008.
Sakti, J. P., and B. M. Das. 1987. “Model tests for strip foundation on clay reinforced with geotextile layers.” Transportation Research Record No. 1153: 40–45. Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
Schlosser, E., H. M. Jacobsen, and I. Juran. 1983. “General report—Soil reinforcement, specialty session 5.” In Vol. 3 of Proc., 8th European Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, 1159–1180. Aalborg, Denmark: Aalborg University.
Shahin, H. M., T. Nakai, Y. Morikawa, S. Masuda, and S. Mio. 2017. “Effective use of geosynthetics to increase bearing capacity of shallow foundations.” Can. Geotech. J. 54 (12): 1647–1658. https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2016-0505.
Sharma, R., Q. Chen, M. Abu-Farsakh, and S. Yoon. 2009. “Analytical modeling of geogrid reinforced soil foundation.” Geotext. Geomembr. 27 (1): 63–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2008.07.002.
Soubra, A. H. 1997. “Seismic bearing capacity of shallow strip footings in seismic conditions.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. Geotech. Eng. 125 (4): 230–241. https://doi.org/10.1680/igeng.1997.29659.
Soubra, A. H. 1999. “Upper-bound solutions for bearing capacity of foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 125 (1): 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:1(59).
Tafreshi, S. N. M., and A. R. Dawson. 2010. “Comparison of bearing capacity of a strip footing on sand with geocell and with planar forms of geotextile reinforcement.” Geotext. Geomembr. 28 (1): 72–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2009.09.003.
Tran, V. D. H., M. A. Meguid, and L. E. Chouinard. 2015. “Three-dimensional analysis of geogrid-reinforced soil using a finite-discrete element framework.” Int. J. Geomech. 15 (4): 04014066. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000410.
Xu, C., C. Liang, and P. Shen. 2019. “Experimental and theoretical studies on the ultimate bearing capacity of geogrid-reinforced sand.” Geotext. Geomembr. 47 (3): 417–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geotexmem.2019.01.003.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to International Journal of Geomechanics
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 22Issue 3March 2022

History

Received: Sep 23, 2020
Accepted: Oct 31, 2021
Published online: Dec 22, 2021
Published in print: Mar 1, 2022
Discussion open until: May 22, 2022

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Civil Engineering Faculty of Engineering, Univ. of Guilan Rasht, Guilan 4199613776, Iran. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-6792. Email: [email protected]
Visiting Research Fellow, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s-RMC Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada K7K 7B4; Associate Professor, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Univ. of Guilan, Rasht, Guilan 4199613776, Iran. ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7950-322X. Email: [email protected]
Professor and Research Director, Dept. of Civil Engineering, GeoEngineering Centre at Queen’s-RMC Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, ON, Canada K7K 7B4 (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5176-5287. Email: [email protected]

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

  • Seismic Bearing Capacity of Eccentrically and Obliquely Loaded Strip Footings on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-8316, 23, 6, (2023).
  • Optimizing the Microanchor Attachment Angle for Maximum Interaction Enhancement at Granular Soils–Geogrid Interface under Direct Shear Mode, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/IJGNAI.GMENG-7906, 23, 4, (2023).
  • Three-Dimensional Active Earth Pressures for Unsaturated Backfills with Cracks Considering Steady Seepage, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002648, 23, 2, (2023).
  • Stability Analysis of Geosynthetic-Reinforced Shallow Foundations with a Lower-Bound FELA Approach Adopting the Nonassociated Plastic Flow Rule, International Journal of Geomechanics, 10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0002636, 23, 2, (2023).
  • Seismic combined bearing capacity of strip footings on partially saturated soils using lower bound theorem of finite element limit analysis and second-order cone programming, Computers and Geotechnics, 10.1016/j.compgeo.2023.105327, 157, (105327), (2023).
  • A Lower Bound Estimate of the Bearing Capacity of Foundations on Inherently Anisotropic Sands Implementing the Fabric Tensor, Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 10.1007/s10706-022-02308-1, (2022).

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share