Three-Dimensional Soil–Foundation–Superstructure Interaction Analysis of Nuclear Building Supported by Combined Piled–Raft System
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 21, Issue 4
Abstract
Recently, few nuclear facilities have been proposed on soil sites worldwide. Controlling the overall and differential settlement is a difficult task for a nuclear structure that rests on a soil site. Under these circumstances, a combined piled–raft foundation (CPRF) provides the required level of performance with a significant cost saving compared with a pile foundation. The combined system involves complexities in the interactions between the soil–pile–raft and superstructure system. The literature focuses on simulating the interactions between pile, soil, and raft. Until recently, the behavior of a CPRF that supported a heavy and massive structure had not been well studied and understood. A combined three-dimensional (3D) model of soil–pile–raft–superstructure systems will be developed in this study that considers the soil and interface nonlinearity along with the complex superstructure geometry. The modeling approach for the piled raft system will be validated using the standard benchmark problem and field case histories. Various aspects of a CPRF for a typical nuclear building (NB) will be investigated, such as the effect of the depth of soil medium, comparison of the behavior of the raft foundation, pile foundation, and CPRF, contact pressure distribution, pile behavior, soil behavior; and various performance indicators. The presented systematic procedure to configure the CPRF system could be useful in similar practical applications. This study indicated that the stiffening of the superstructure and sequential construction has a beneficial effect on the combined system. The findings of this study could be useful to frame the general guidelines for the economical design of CPRF systems.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or codes generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request, including input data and codes.
Acknowledgments
The first author would like to acknowledge the support received from the Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited during the research work of the Ph.D. program.
Notation
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- B
- width of footing;
- c
- cohesion;
- D
- deformation of raft;
- Dmax and DΔmax
- maximums and differential settlement reduction coefficient;
- d
- intersection of yield surface Fs with t-axis;
- E and Gs
- elastic and shear modulus of soil;
- f
- adhesion factor;
- FSUR, FSG, and FSPR
- factor of safety for unpiled raft, pile group, and pile raft;
- K
- soil model material parameter;
- L
- length;
- n
- number of piles;
- Qp
- average induced load in piles;
- Qr
- load carried by the raft;
- Qsingle
- load-bearing capacity of a single pile;
- Qunpiledraft and QCPRF
- load-bearing capacity of the unpiled raft and CPRF;
- Rpi
- load in the ith pile;
- s and d
- pile spacing and diameter;
- spr and sr
- maximum settlement of the CPRF and unpiled raft;
- W
- total load;
- wadmissible
- permissible settlement;
- wunpiledraft
- settlement of unpiled raft;
- α
- transition shape factor;
- αCPRF
- piled raft coefficient;
- αpr, αrp, αpp
- interaction factors;
- β
- slope of yield surface Fs in p-t plane;
- Δpr and Δr
- differential settlement of the CPRF and unpiled raft;
- δ
- Interface friction coefficient;
- θ
- angular distortion;
- ξp and ξr
- pile capacity utilization factor and raft utilization factor; and
- ϕ
- soil friction angle.
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Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 21 • Issue 4 • April 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 13, 2020
Accepted: Oct 23, 2020
Published online: Feb 5, 2021
Published in print: Apr 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Jul 5, 2021
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