Ocean Bottom Hydrodynamic Pressure due to Vertical Seismic Motion
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20, Issue 9
Abstract
Earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on the ocean floor is a key factor in evaluating the surface disturbance and dynamic response of the seabed under the action of a submarine earthquake. An analytical study considering the compressibility of seawater was carried out to obtain the closed-form solution for the hydrodynamic pressure, which depends on water depth, excitation frequency, and seabed characteristics. The commonly used approximate expression for the hydrodynamic pressure, which neglects the compressibility of seawater and is associated with the dynamic displacement of the seabed surface, is presented and compared with the analytical solution. The results reveal that the formulation neglecting the compressibility of overlying seawater could underestimate the hydrodynamic pressure at the ocean bottom and the induced dynamic responses in a poroelastic seabed. Finally, a modified formula for the seismic-induced hydrodynamic pressure at the ocean bottom interface, which is able to consider the compressibility of seawater, is proposed by incorporating the nondimensionalized frequency.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful for financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41877243 and 41502285), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. BK20150952), and the National Key R&D Program of China (Grant No. 2017YFC1500400). The China Scholarship Council is also acknowledged by the first author for supporting him during his visit to Griffith University.
References
Biot, M. A. 1962. “Mechanics of deformation and acoustic propagation in porous media.” J. Appl. Phys. 33 (4): 1482–1498. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1728759.
Bouaanani, N., P. Paultre, and J. Proulx. 2003. “A closed-form formulation for earthquake-induced hydrodynamic pressure on gravity dams.” J. Sound Vib. 261 (3): 573–582. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-460X(02)01257-9.
Chen, W. Y., D. Fang, G. X. Chen, D. S. Jeng, J. Zhu, and H. Y. Zhao. 2018a. “A simplified quasi-static analysis of wave-induced residual liquefaction of seabed around an immersed tunnel.” Ocean Eng. 148: 574–587. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2017.11.049.
Chen, W. Y., Y. Huang, Z. H. Wang, R. He, G. X. Chen, and X. J. Li. 2017. “Horizontal and vertical motion at surface of a gassy ocean sediment layer induced by obliquely incident SV waves.” Eng. Geol. 227: 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.01.001.
Chen, W. Y., D. S. Jeng, G. X. Chen, H. Y. Zhao, R. He, and H. M. Gao. 2018b. “Momentary liquefaction of porous seabed under vertical seismic action.” Appl. Ocean Res. 73: 80–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apor.2018.02.005.
Chen, W., D. Jeng, W. Chen, G. Chen, and H. Zhao. 2020. “Seismic-induced dynamic responses in a poro-elastic seabed: Solutions of different formulations.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 131: 106021. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2019.106021.
Chopra, A. K. 1967. “Hydrodynamic pressures on dams during earthquakes.” J. Eng. Mech. Div. 93 (6): 205–224.
Fenves, G., and A. K. Chopra. 1985. “Effects of reservoir bottom absorption and dam-water-foundation rock interaction on frequency response functions for concrete gravity dams.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 13 (1): 13–31. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290130104.
Filloux, J. H. 1983. “Pressure fluctuations on the open-ocean floor off the Gulf of California: Tides, earthquakes, tsunamis.” J. Phys. Oceanogr. 13 (5): 783–796. https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013%3C0783:PFOTOO%3E2.0.CO;2.
Guo, Z., D. S. Jeng, and W. Guo. 2014. “Simplified approximation of wave-induced liquefaction in a shallow porous seabed.” Int. J. Geomech. 14 (4): 06014008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000366.
Hall, J. F., and A. K. Chopra. 1982. “Two-dimensional dynamic analysis of concrete gravity and embankment dams including hydrodynamic effects.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 10 (2): 305–332. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290100211.
He, R., A. M. Kaynia, J. Zhang, W. Chen, and Z. Guo. 2019. “Influence of vertical shear stresses due to pile-soil interaction on lateral dynamic responses for offshore mono-piles.” Mar. Struct. 64: 341–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2018.11.012.
Jeng, D. S., and J. S. C. Hsu. 1996. “Wave-induced soil response in a nearly saturated sea-bed of finite thickness.” Géotechnique 46 (3): 427–444. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1996.46.3.427.
Jin, H. L., and J. K. Kim. 2015. “Dynamic response analysis of a floating offshore structure subjected to the hydrodynamic pressures induced from seaquakes.” Ocean Eng. 101: 25–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2015.04.010.
Mangano, G., A. D’Alessandro, and G. D’Anna. 2011. “Long term underwater monitoring of seismic areas: Design of an ocean bottom seismometer with hydrophone and its performance evaluation.” In OCEANS 2011 IEEE, 1–9. Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.
Matsumoto, H., and Y. Kaneda. 2013. “Some features of bottom pressure records at the 2011 Tohoku earthquake-interpretation of the far-field DONET data.” In Proc., 11th Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan Int. Symp., 493–496. Yokohama, Japan: Society of Exploration Geophysicists of Japan.
Paul, M., R. B. Sahu, and G. Banerjee. 2015. “Undrained pore pressure prediction in clayey soil under cyclic loading.” Int. J. Geomech. 15 (5): 04014082. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000431.
Rajesh, B. G., and D. Choudhury. 2016. “Influence of non-breaking wave force on seismic stability of seawall for passive condition.” Ocean Eng. 114: 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.01.006.
Stoll, R. D., and T. K. Kan. 1981. “Reflection of acoustic waves at a water-sediment interface.” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 70 (1): 149–156. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.386692.
Sui, T., C. Zhang, Y. Guo, J. Zheng, D. Jeng, J. Zhang, and W. Zhang. 2016. “Three-dimensional numerical model for wave-induced seabed response around mono-pile.” Ships Offshore Struct. 11 (6): 667–678. https://doi.org/10.1080/17445302.2015.1051312.
Sui, T., J. Zheng, C. Zhang, D. S. Jeng, J. Zhang, Y. Guo, and R. He. 2017. “Consolidation of unsaturated seabed around an inserted pile foundation and its effects on the wave-induced momentary liquefaction.” Ocean Eng. 131: 308–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2016.10.019.
Takamura, H., K. Masuda, H. Maeda, and M. Bessho. 2003. “A study on the estimation of the seaquake response of a floating structure considering the characteristics of seismic wave propagation in the ground and the water.” J. Mar. Sci. Technol. 7 (4): 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s007730300007.
Verruijt, A. 1969. “Elastic storage of aquifers.” In Flow through porous media, edited by R. J. M. De Wiest, 331–376. New York: Academic Press.
Wang, G., S. Chen, Q. Liu, and Y. Zhang. 2018. “Wave-Induced dynamic response in a poroelastic seabed.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 144 (9): 06018008. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0001938.
Wang, J. T., F. Jin, and C. H. Zhang. 2013. “Reflection and transmission of plane waves at an interface of water/porous sediment with underlying solid substrate.” Ocean Eng. 63: 8–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.oceaneng.2013.01.028.
Wang, J. T., C. Zhang, and F. Jin. 2003. “Dynamic response of ideal fluid layer overlying elastic half-space due to P-wave incidence.” [In Chinese.] Chin. J. Eng. Mech. 20 (6): 176–181.
Yang, J. 2004. “Reappraisal of vertical motion effects on soil liquefaction.” Géotechnique 54 (10): 671–676. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.2004.54.10.671.
Yang, Q., and H. Liu. 2018. “Dynamic response of multilayered silty seabeds under wave-current action in the Yellow River Estuary.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (6): 04018031. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001109.
Ye, J. H., and D. S. Jeng. 2013. “Three-dimensional dynamic transient response of a poro-elastic unsaturated seabed and a rubble mound breakwater due to seismic loading.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 44 (1): 14–26.
Ye, J. H., and G. Wang. 2015. “Seismic dynamics of offshore breakwater on liquefiable seabed foundation.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 76: 86–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soildyn.2015.02.003.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., C. T. Chang, and P. Bettess. 1980. “Drained, undrained, consolidating and dynamic behaviour assumptions in soils.” Géotechnique 30 (4): 385–395. https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1980.30.4.385.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., and T. Shiomi. 1984. “Dynamic behavior of saturated porous media; the generalized Biot formulation and its numerical solution.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 8 (1): 71–96. https://doi.org/10.1002/nag.1610080106.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20 • Issue 9 • September 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 23, 2019
Accepted: May 11, 2020
Published online: Jul 13, 2020
Published in print: Sep 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Dec 13, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.