Effects of Load Duration and Stress Level on Deformation and Particle Breakage of Carbonate Sands
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20, Issue 7
Abstract
Time-dependent deformation of crushable soils attributable to particle breakage could dominate the postconstruction stability of high rockfill dams and pile foundations. The evolutionary trends of the volumetric strain, particle-size distribution (PSD), and particle breakage of carbonate sands with 10% fines content for various loading durations and vertical stress levels are investigated by performing a series of one-dimensional compression tests. Loading durations ranging from 1 to 10,000 min, vertical stress levels ranging from 200 to 3,200 kPa, and fines content percentages ranging from 0 to 20 are considered. The results indicate that the increased loading duration in the initial stage has a significant effect on the volumetric strain; however, as the loading duration increases, this effect gradually decreases. In addition, the PSD curve shifts upward as the loading duration increases, indicating that the amount of particle breakage increases accordingly. Both the loading duration and the vertical stress can induce PSD changes in carbonate sands. Empirical equations are proposed to describe the relationship between the relative particle breakage index and the loading duration as well as the relationship between the relative particle breakage index and the vertical stress.
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Acknowledgments
The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support from the 111 Project (Grant No. B13024), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41831282, 51678094, 51578096, and 51509024), and the project funded by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2016M590864).
Notations
The following symbols are used in this paper:
- Bp
- potential breakage (%);
- Br
- relative breakage index (%);
- Bt
- total breakage (%);
- D50
- mean particle diameter (mm);
- d
- grain diameter (mm);
- dM
- maximum grain diameter (mm);
- e
- void ratio;
- en
- normalized void ratio;
- eu
- ultimate void ratio;
- ID
- relative density;
- R2
- regression parameter;
- t
- loading duration (min);
- α
- fractal dimension;
- ɛv
- volumetric strain (%);
- normalized volumetric strain;
- ultimate volumetric strain (%);
- vertical stress (kPa); and
- χt, kt, λt, , , and
- fitting parameters.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20 • Issue 7 • July 2020
Copyright
© 2020 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 23, 2019
Accepted: Jan 22, 2020
Published online: Apr 22, 2020
Published in print: Jul 1, 2020
Discussion open until: Sep 22, 2020
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