Predicting the Shear Resistance Contribution of Passive Fully Grouted Bolts to Jointed Rock
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20, Issue 2
Abstract
Based on the statically indeterminate beam model for fully grouted bolts proposed by others and taking into account the combination of the axial and shear forces activated in the bolt, an improved method was developed for predicting the shear resistance contribution of passive fully grouted bolts to jointed rock. An algorithm for calculating the length of the transverse deformation section of a passive fully grouted bolt under shearing was derived by incorporating the minimum total potential energy principle, and parametric investigations were carried out to evaluate the effect of the anchoring parameters, such as bolt diameter, rock strength, bolting angle, and joint friction angle on the bolt contribution. Comparisons were made between the developed method and laboratory shear test results as well as between the developed method and other analytical predictions proposed by previous studies. The results showed that the theoretical model presented in this paper is in good agreement with the experimental results and, thus, provides a better prediction of the shear resistance provided by rock bolts. The presented analytical method can be used to improve the bolting design for the reinforcement of jointed rock.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
We wish to acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51379204) and by the Open Funds Research Project of Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area, Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. 2015KDZ06).
References
Aziz, N., D. Pratt, and R. Williams. 2003. “Double shear testing of bolts.” In Proc., Coal Operators’ Conf., 154–161. Wollongong, Australia: Univ. of Wollongong, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.
Azuar, J. J. 1977. Stabilisation des massifs rocheux fissurés par barres d’acier scellées: Rapport de Recherche LPC 73. [In French.] Paris: Laboratoire central des ponts et chaussées.
Bao, S., and Y. Gong. 2005. Structure mechanics. Wuhan, China: Wuhan Univ. of Technology Press.
Bidaut, P., J. L. Durville, P. Guillemin, J. C. Richard, and M. Viktorovitch. 2006. “Essais de cisaillement sur discontinuités armées par ancrages passifs: utilisation d'une boîte de cisaillement de grandes dimensions” [Shear testing on rock discontinuties reinforced by passive rock bolts: Use of a larged-sized shear box]. Bulletin de Liaison des Ponts et Chaussées 263–264: 7–18.
Bjurstrom, S. 1974. “Shear strength of hard rock joints reinforced by grouted untensioned bolts.” In Proc., 3rd ISRM Congress, 1194–1199. Stockholm, Sweden.
Chen, N., X. Zhang, Q. Jiang, X. Feng, W. Wei, and B. Yi. 2018. “Shear behavior of rough rock joints reinforced by bolts.” Int. J. Geomech. 18 (1): 04017130. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0001048.
Chen, Y., and C. C. Li. 2015. “Influences of loading condition and rock strength to the performance of rock bolts.” Geotech. Test. J. 38 (2): 207–218. https://doi.org/10.1520/GTJ20140033.
Dight, P. M. 1982. “Improvements to the stability of rock walls in open pit mines.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Monash Univ.
Dulacska, H. 1972. “Dowel action of reinforcement crossing cracks in concrete.” J. Proc. 69 (12): 754–757.
El-Ariss, B. 2007. “Behavior of beams with dowel action.” Eng. Struct. 29 (6): 899–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.07.008.
Ferrero, A. M. 1995. “The shear strength of reinforced rock joints.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abstr. 32 (6): 595–605. https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-9062(95)00002-X.
Fuller, P. G., and R. H. T. Cox. 1978. “Rock reinforcement design based on control of joint displacement—A new concept.” In Proc., 3rd Australian Tunnelling Conf.: Preprints of Papers Institution of Engineers, 28–35. Barton, Australia: Institution of Engineers, Australia.
Ge, X., J. Liu. 1988. “Study on the shear resistance behaviour of bolted rock joints.” Chinese J. Geotech. Eng. 10 (1): 8–19.
Grasselli, G. 2005. “3D behaviour of bolted rock joints: Experimental and numerical study.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 42 (1): 13–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2004.06.003.
Haas, C. J. 1981. “Analysis of rockbolting to prevent shear movement in fractured ground.” Min. Eng. 33 (6): 698–704.
He, L., X. M. An, and Z. Y. Zhao. 2015. “Fully grouted rock bolts: An analytical investigation.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 48 (3): 1181–1196. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-014-0610-0.
He, X. G., and A. K. H. Kwan. 2001. “Modeling dowel action of reinforcement bars for finite element analysis of concrete structures.” Comput. Struct. 79 (6): 595–604. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0045-7949(00)00158-9.
Hibbeler, R. C. 2012. Structural analysis. 8th ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Hibino, S., and M. Motojima. 1981. “Effects of rock bolting in jointy rocks.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Weak Rock, 1057–1062. Lisbon, Portugal: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
Hyett, A. J., M. Moosavi, and W. F. Bawden. 1996. “Load distribution along fully grouted bolts, with emphasis on cable bolt reinforcement.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 20 (7): 517–544. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9853(199607)20:7%3C517::AID-NAG833%3E3.0.CO;2-L.
Jalalifar, H., and N. Aziz. 2010. “Analytical behaviour of bolt–joint intersection under lateral loading conditions.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 43 (1): 89–94. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0032-6.
Jalalifar, H., N. Aziz, and M. Hadi. 2006. “The effect of surface profile, rock strength and pretension load on bending behaviour of fully grouted bolts.” Geotech. Geol. Eng. 24 (5): 1203–1227. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-005-1340-6.
Li, C., and B. Stillborg. 1999. “Analytical model for rock bolts.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 36 (8): 1013–1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1365-1609(99)00064-7.
Li, C. C. 2010. “Field observations of rock bolts in high stress rock masses.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 43 (4): 491–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-009-0067-8.
Li, L., P. C. Hagan, S. Saydam, B. Hebblewhite, and Y. Li. 2016a. “Parametric study of rockbolt shear behaviour by double shear test.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (12): 4787–4797. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-016-1063-4.
Li, X., N. Aziz, A. Mirzaghorbanali, and J. Nemcik. 2016b. “Behavior of fiber glass bolts, rock bolts and cable bolts in shear.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 49 (7): 2723–2735. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-015-0907-7.
Liu, C. H., and Y. Z. Li. 2017. “Analytical study of the mechanical behavior of fully grouted bolts in bedding rock slopes.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 50 (9): 2413–2423. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1244-9.
Ludvig, B. 1983. “Shear tests on rock bolts.” In Proc., Int. Symp. on Rock Bolting, 193–203. Lisbon, Portugal: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
Maiolino, S., and F. Pellet. 2015. “Full scale lab testing for the determination of rockbolt contribution to reinforced joint shear strength.” In Proc., 13th ISRM Int. Congress of Rock Mechanics, 1–8. Lisbon, Portugal: International Society for Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering.
Mchugh, E., and S. Signer. 1999. “Roof bolt response to shear stress: Laboratory analysis.” In Proc., 18th Int. Conf. on Ground Control in Mining, 232–238. Morgantown, WV: West Virginia Univ.
Oreste, P. P., and M. Cravero. 2008. “An analysis of the action of dowels on the stabilization of rock blocks on underground excavation walls.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 41 (6): 835–868. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-008-0162-2.
Pellet, F. 1994. “Strength and deformability of jointed rock masses reinforced by rock bolts.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering, Swiss federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne.
Pellet, F., and P. Egger. 1996. “Analytical model for the mechanical behaviour of bolted rock joints subjected to shearing.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 29 (2): 73–97. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01079755.
Pruijssers, A. F. 1988. “Aggregate interlock and dowel action under monotonic and cyclic loading.” Ph.D. dissertation, Dept. of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft Univ.
Reddy, J. 2006. Theory and analysis of elastic plates and shells. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Signer, S. P. 2000. “Load behavior of grouted bolts in sedimentary rock.” In Proc., New Technology for Coal Mine Roof Support, 73–80. Cincinnati, OH: National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health.
Simser, B. P. 2007. “The weakest link—Ground support observations at some Canadian Shield hard rock mines.” In Vol. 12 of Proc., 4th Int. Seminar on Deep and High Stress Mining—Deep Mining 2007, 335–348. Perth, Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Snell, G., E. Kuley, and D. Milne. 2017. “A laboratory-based approach to assess rockbolt behaviour in shear.” In Proc., Int. Conf. on Underground Mining Technology, 45–54. Perth, Australia: Australian Centre for Geomechanics.
Spang, K., and P. Egger. 1990. “Action of fully-grouted bolts in jointed rock and factors of influence.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 23 (3): 201–229. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01022954.
Stimpson, B. 1987. “An analytical method for determining shear stiffness of an inclined grouted bolt installed across an open discontinuity.” Int. J. Min. Geol. Eng. 5 (3): 299–305. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01560780.
Wang, F., C. Liu, and Z. Gong. 2014. “Mechanisms of bolt support for bedding rock slopes.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng. 33 (7): 1465–1470.
Wei, W., Q. Jiang, and J. Peng. 2017. “New rock bolt model and numerical implementation in numerical manifold method.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (5): E4016004. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000669.
Wu, X., Y. Jiang, B. Gong, T. Deng, and Z. Guan. 2018a. “Behaviour of rock joint reinforced by energy-absorbing rock bolt under cyclic shear loading condition.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 110 (Oct): 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.07.021.
Wu, X., Y. Jiang, Z. Guan, and G. Wang. 2018b. “Estimating the support effect of the energy-absorbing rock bolt based on the mechanical work transfer ability.” Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 103 (Mar): 168–178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmms.2018.01.041.
Wu, X., Y. Jiang, and B. Li. 2017. “Influence of joint roughness on the shear behaviour of fully encapsulated rock bolt.” Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 51 (3): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00603-017-1365-1.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 20 • Issue 2 • February 2020
Copyright
©2019 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jul 29, 2018
Accepted: Jul 15, 2019
Published online: Dec 11, 2019
Published in print: Feb 1, 2020
Discussion open until: May 11, 2020
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.