Hydrodynamic Pressure on Gravity Dams with Different Heights and the Westergaard Correction Formula
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 18, Issue 10
Abstract
Seismic dynamic analysis of gravity dams of five different heights in the time domain was performed based on the fluid–structure coupling model (FSCM). Compared with the results from the FSCM, the maximum hydrodynamic pressures on dams were found to be overestimated by the classical Westergaard formula. The position of the maximum hydrodynamic pressure from the FSCM was found to be obviously raised along the upstream surface of the dam, not at the heel of the dam as in the solution of Westergaard formula. Thus, the Westergaard formula was revised with consideration to the influence of the height of dam, the elasticity of dam, and the absorption characteristic of the reservoir bottom on the hydrodynamic pressure. The solutions of the Westergaard correction formula are quite consistent with the hydrodynamic pressures noted in previous reports.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
The authors are grateful to the reviewers for their very useful comments and suggestions. This research was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Grants 51669008, 51679030, and 51779032) and the Science and Technology Support Plan for the Thirteenth Five-Year Plan (Grants 2017YFC0404900 and 2017YFC0404903).
References
Akkose, M., A. Bayraktar, and A. A. Dumanoglu. 2008. “Reservoir water level effects on nonlinear dynamic response of arch dams.” J. Fluids Struct. 24 (3): 418–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2007.08.007.
Altunişik, A. C., M. Günaydin, B. Sevim, A. Bayraktar, and S. Adanur. 2016. “Retrofitting effect on the dynamic properties of model-arch dam with and without reservoir water using ambient-vibration test methods.” J. Struct. Eng. 142 (10): 04016069. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001520.
Aydin, I., and E. Demirel. 2012. “Hydrodynamic modeling of dam-reservoir response during earthquakes.” J. Eng. Mech. 138 (2): 164–174. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000322.
Bouaanani, N., and C. Perrault. 2010. “Practical formulas for frequency domain analysis of earthquake-induced dam-reservoir interaction.” J. Eng. Mech. 136 (1): 107–119. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000064.
Calayir, Y., A. A. Dumanoğlu, and A. Bayraktar. 1996. “Earthquake analysis of gravity dam-reservoir systems using the Eulerian and Lagrangian approaches.” Comput. Struct. 59 (5): 877–890. https://doi.org/10.1016/0045-7949(95)00309-6.
Calayir, Y., and K. Muhammet. 2005. “Seismic fracture analysis of concrete gravity dams including dam–reservoir interaction.” Comput. Struct. 83 (19–20): 1595–1606. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2005.02.003.
Chen, B. F., and Y. S. Yuan. 2011. “Hydrodynamic pressures on arch dam during earthquakes.” J. Hydraul. Eng. 137 (1): 34–44. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000268.
Chen, J., M. Wang, and S. Fan. 2013. “Experimental investigation of small-scaled model for powerhouse dam section on shaking table.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 20 (5): 740–752. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1489.
Chen, J., S. Zhang, and X. Min. 2009. “Fluid-solid coupling analysis for dam-reservoir interaction.” [In Chinese.] J. Southwest Univ. Science Technol. 24 (1): 13–18.
Chopra, A. K. 2012. “Earthquake analysis of arch dams: Factors to be considered.” J. Struct. Eng. 138 (2): 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000431.
CREEI (China Renewable Energy Engineering Institute). 2015. Code for seismic design of hydraulic structures of hydropower project. NB 35047-2015. Beijing: China Electric Power Press.
de Béjar, L. A. 2010. “Time-domain hydrodynamic forces on rigid dams with reservoir bottom absorption of energy.” J. Eng. Mech. 136 (10): 1271–1280. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0000174.
El-Aidi, B., and J. F. Hall. 1989. “Non-linear earthquake response of concrete gravity dams part 1: Modelling.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 18 (6): 837–851. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290180607.
Francesco, P., and B. Guido. 2007. “Lagrangian finite element modelling of dam–fluid interaction: Accurate absorbing boundary conditions.” Comput. Struct. 85 (11–14): 11–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2006.11.004.
Gao, Y., Q. Gu, Z. Qiu, and J. Wang. 2016. “Seismic response sensitivity analysis of coupled dam-reservoir-foundation systems.” J. Eng. Mech. 142 (10): 04016070. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001124.
Gupta, I. D., and S. G. Joshi. 2017. “Response spectrum-based stochastic method for earthquake analysis of gravity dams.” J. Eng. Mech. 143 (5): 04017007. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001171.
Li, D., B. Zhang, H. Wang, and Y. Yu. 2003. “A shaking table model test on dam-reservoir interaction of gravity dam.” J. China Inst. Water 1 (3): 216–220.
Løkke, A., and A. K. Chopra. 2013. Response spectrum analysis of concrete gravity dams including dam-water-foundation interaction. PEER Rep. 2013/17. Berkeley, CA: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Lu, L., X. Kong, Y. Dong, D. Zou, and Y. Zhou. 2017. “Similarity relationship for brittle failure dynamic model experiment and its application to a concrete dam subjected to explosive load.” Int. J. Geomech. 17 (8): 04017027. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)GM.1943-5622.0000889.
Millán, M. A., Y. L. Young, and J. H. Prévost. 2007. “The effects of reservoir geometry on the seismic response of gravity dams.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 36 (11): 1441–1459. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.688.
Miquel, B., and N. Bouaanani. 2013. “Accounting for earthquake-induced dam-reservoir interaction using modified accelerograms.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (9): 1608–1617. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000726.
Mircevska, V., M. Nastev, V. Hristovski, S. Malla, and M. Garevski. 2017. “Development and validation of the HDI matrix method for fluid-dam interaction.” J. Comput. Civil Eng. 31 (5): 04017035. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CP.1943-5487.0000684.
Olson, L. G., and K. J. Bathe. 1983. “A study of displacement-based fluid finite elements for calculating frequencies of fluid and fluid-structure systems.” Nucl. Eng. Des. 76 (2): 137–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(83)90130-9.
Wang, M., J. Chen, and S. Fan. 2012. “Experimental study on hydrodynamic pressure on gravity dam on shaking table.” J. Hydroelectr. Eng. 51 (4): 51–54.
Wang, M., J. Chen, S. Fan, and S. Lv. 2014. “Experimental study on high gravity dam strengthened with reinforcement for seismic resistance on shaking table.” Struct. Eng. Mech. 51 (4): 663–683. https://doi.org/10.12989/sem.2014.51.4.663.
Westergaard, H. M. 1933. “Water pressures on dams during earthquakes.” Trans. ASCE 98 (2): 418–432.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2018 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 1, 2017
Accepted: Apr 12, 2018
Published online: Aug 6, 2018
Published in print: Oct 1, 2018
Discussion open until: Jan 6, 2019
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.