Evolution of Particle Breakage for Calcareous Sands during Ring Shear Tests
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 18, Issue 2
Abstract
Ring shear tests were performed in this work to investigate the characteristics of shear band formation and particle breakage for calcareous sands sampled from the South China Sea. The tests focused on the formation of shear band and the evolution of particle breakage under various levels of loading stress, together with sensitivity analyses of the initial sample grading and shear rate. The breakage of particles has a significant influence on the stress-strain relationship, volumetric deformation, and final grading of calcareous sands. In particular, the calcareous sand specimen tends to remain at a constant volume and a stable grading at shear strains larger than 2,000%. The change of the microstructure of calcareous sands during shearing has been illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, showing clear evolution of particle breakage and surface smoothness within the shear band. A considerable amount of fine particles (<0.074 mm) was produced during the tests, and the final complete particle-size distribution was obtained with a laser diffraction particle-size analyzer. The findings of this study improve the understanding of calcareous sands by showing that they can be crushed readily under normal loading stress levels as long as the shear strain continues.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41372316 and 41572297), the opening fund of the Key Laboratory of Geotechnical and Underground Engineering (Tongji University), the Ministry of Education (Grant KLE-TJGE-B1503), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant XDA13010200), and the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of CAS (Grant 2015272). All these supports are acknowledged.
References
Airey, D. W., Carter, J. P., and Lui, M. D. (2011). “Sydney soil model. II: Experimental validation.” Int. J. Geomech., 225–238.
Altuhafi, F. N., and Coop, M. R. (2011). “Changes to particle characteristics associated with the compression of sands.” Géotechnique,61(6), 459–471.
Bolton, M. D., Nakata, Y., and Cheng, Y. P. (2008). “Micro- and macro-mechanical behaviour of DEM crushable materials.” Géotechnique,58(6), 471–480.
Bowman, E. T., Take, W. A., Rait, K. L., and Hann, C. (2012). “Physical models of rock avalanche spreading behaviour with dynamic fragmentation.” Can. Geotech. J.,49(4), 460–476.
Cho, G.-C., Dodds, J., and Santamarina, J. (2006). “Particle shape effects on packing density, stiffness, and strength: Natural and crushed sands.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 591–602.
Coop, M. R., Sorensen, K. K., Freitas, T. B., and Georgoutsos, G. (2004). “Particle breakage during shearing of a carbonate sand.” Géotechnique,54(3), 157–163.
Donohue, S., O’Sullivan, C., and Long, M. (2009). “Particle breakage during cyclic triaxial loading of a carbonate sand.” Géotechnique,59(5), 477–482.
Einav, I. (2007). “Breakage mechanics—Part I: Theory.” J. Mech. Phys. Solids,55(6), 1274–1297.
Fukuoka, H., Sassa, K., and Wang, G. (2007). “Shear behavior and shear zone structure of granular materials in naturally drained ring shear tests.” Chapter 7, Progress in landslide science,Springer,Berlin, 99–111.
Hardin, B. O. (1985). “Crushing of soil particles.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 1177–1192.
Hyodo, M., Hyde, A. F. L., Aramaki, N., and Nakata, Y. (2002). “Undrained monotonic and cyclic shear behaviour of sand under low and high confining stresses.” Soils Found.,42(3), 63–76.
Jensen, R. P., Plesha, M. E., Edil, T. B., Bosscher, P. J., and Kahla, N. B. (2001). “DEM simulation of particle damage in granular media—Structure interfaces.” Int. J. Geomech., 21–39.
Lade, P. V., Yamamuro, J. A., and Bopp, P. A. (1996). “Significance of particle crushing in granular materials.” J. Geotech. Engrg., 309–316.
Lobo-Guerrero, S., Vallejo, L. E., and Vesga, L. F. (2006). “Visualization of crushing evolution in granular materials under compression using DEM.” Int. J. Geomech., 195–200.
Locat, P., Couture, R., Leroueil, S., Locat, J., and Jaboyedoff, M. (2006). “Fragmentation energy in rock avalanches.” Can. Geotech. J.,43(8), 830–851.
Luzzani, L., and Coop, M. R. (2002). “On the relationship between particle breakage and the critical state of sands.” Soils Found.,42(2), 71–82.
McDowell, G. R. (2002). “On the yielding and plastic compression of sand.” Soils Found.,42(1), 139–145.
McDowell, G. R., and Bolton, M. D. (1998). “On the micromechanics of crushable aggregates.” Géotechnique,48(5), 667–679.
McDowell, G. R., Nakata, Y., and Hyodo, M. (2002). “On the plastic hardening of sand.” Géotechnique,52(5), 349–358.
Miao, G., and Airey, D. (2013). “Breakage and ultimate states for a carbonate sand.” Géotechnique,63(14), 1221–1229.
Muir Wood, D., and Maeda, K. (2008). “Changing grading of soil: Effect on critical states.” Acta Geotech.,3(1), 3–14.
Qadimi, A., and Coop, M. R. (2007). “The undrained cyclic behaviour of a carbonate sand.” Géotechnique,57(9), 739–750.
Sadrekarimi, A., and Olson, S. M. (2010). “Shear band formation observed in ring shear tests on sandy soils.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 366–375.
Shahnazari, H., and Rezvani, R. (2013). “Effective parameters for the particle breakage of calcareous sands: An experimental study.” Eng. Geol.,159, 98–105.
Wang, X.-Z., Jiao, Y.-Y., Wang, R., Hu, M.-J., Meng, Q.-S., and Tan, F.-Y. (2011). “Engineering characteristics of the calcareous sand in Nansha Islands, South China Sea.” Eng. Geol.,120(1-4), 40–47.
Wang, X.-Z., Wang, X., Jin, Z.-C., Meng, Q.-S., Zhu, C.-Q., and Wang, R. (2017). “Shear characteristics of calcareous gravelly soil.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ.,76(2), 561–573.
Wu, Y., Yoshimoto, N., Hyodo, M., and Nakata, Y. (2014). “Evaluation of crushing stress at critical state of granulated coal ash in triaxial test.” Géotechnique Lett.,4(4), 337–342.
Yu, F. (2017). “Particle breakage and the drained shear behavior of sands.” Int. J. Geomech., 08217001.
Zhang, S., Tong, C.-X., Li, X., and Sheng, D. (2015). “A new method for studying the evolution of particle breakage.” Géotechnique,65(11), 911–922.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Apr 4, 2017
Accepted: Sep 7, 2017
Published online: Dec 13, 2017
Published in print: Feb 1, 2018
Discussion open until: May 13, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.