Stability Analysis of a Cross-Sea Tunnel Structure under Seepage and a Bidirectional Earthquake
Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17, Issue 9
Abstract
The rock mass surrounding a subsea tunnel often contains seawater, and the coupled effects of an earthquake and seepage introduce more uncertainty into analyses of tunnel safety. However, research on this topic is still lacking. In the present study, models of structure and fluid fields were established by considering the effect of a two-dimensional viscoelastic boundary condition, and the stability of a cross-sea tunnel structure under seepage and a bidirectional earthquake was studied. Using a static strength-reduction method on the basis of dynamic finite elements, a stability-safety coefficient was obtained. In addition, the influences of sea depth, overlying rock thickness, and permeability coefficient on the seismic dynamic stability-safety coefficient and varying characteristics of the plastic zone in a cross-sea tunnel structure under seepage and a bidirectional earthquake were studied through numerical examples. The results showed that under this type of earthquake, plastic zones first appeared on both sides of the tunnel arch feet and in the peripheral areas of the arch shoulders; by contrast, the vault was secure, and no plastic zone appeared in this area. When all factors were considered, the plastic zones extended farther when the overlying rock thickness and sea depth were greater. When the overlying rock was thick and the rock mass surrounding the tunnel was only slightly weathered, the rock mass was close to intact, and as a consequence, the permeability coefficient did not significantly affect the development of the plastic zone or the stability-safety factor. The influences of these three parameters on the safety of a subsea tunnel, as obtained in this paper, can provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable design of submarine tunnels.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
This paper was produced with support from the National Key Basic Research and Development Plan of China (973 Plan; Grant 2011CB013600), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 51478212), the Education Ministry Doctoral Tutor Foundation of China (Grant 20136201110003).
References
ADINA (Automatic Dynamic Incremental Nonlinear Analysis). [Computer software.]. Adina R & D, Inc., Watertown, MA.
Chen L. W. (2004). “Stability analysis of loess hidden holes under earthquake.” Master thesis, Chang’an Univ., Xi’an, China.
Chen, W. Z., Cao, J. J., Yu, H. D., et al. (2010). “Study of long-term stability of subsea tunnel in special geological region.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 29(10), 2017–2026.
Chen, W. Z., Yu, H. D., Guo, X. H., and Wu, G. (2008). “Study on stabilities of surrounding rocks through weathered slot in Xiamen subsea tunnel.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 27(5), 873–884.
Chen, Z. Z., Ruan, H. N., Gu, K. H., Fan, Y. Q., Kong, B. F., and Yan, W. J. (2012). “The permeability of low-permeability rock in the deep rock engineering with high confining pressure and high water pressure.” Sci. Tech. Eng., 12(36), 9870–9876.
Cheng, X., Ren, Y., Du, X., and Zhang, Y. (2014). “Seismic stability of subsea tunnels subjected to seepage.” Sci. World J., 2014(2014), 1–8.
Cheng, X., Xu, W., Yue, C., Du, X., and Dowding, C. H. (2014). “Seismic response of fluid-structure interaction of undersea tunnel during bidirectional earthquake.” Ocean Eng., 75(1), 64–70.
Cheng X. S., Tian R. R., and Wang J. L. (2010). “Parameter determination about loess tunnel analysis model under earthquake action.” Proc., 11th Int. Symp. on Structural Engineering, Science Press, Beijing, 34–38.
Cheng, X.-S., and Wang, J.-H. (2013). “Construction methods for loess tunnels with super-large cross-section based on displacement control of surrounding rock.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 35(zk1), 82–89.
Cheng, X. S., Wang, J. H., and Du, X. L. (2013). “Flow-solid coupling based seismic response analysis of subsea tunnels during seepage.” Mod. Tunnelling Tech., 50(6), 44–51.
China Architecture and Building Press. (2010). “Code for seismic design of buildings.” GB 50010, Beijing.
Chopra, A. K. (2012). Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering, 4th Ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
He, C., and Xie, H. Q. (2007). Application of multi-field coupling analysis in tunnel structure, Southwest Jiaotong Univ. Press, Chengdu, China (in Chinese).
Huang, T. Y. L. Z., and Kou, C. (1999). “A theoretical and applied study of seepage under coupling between seepage field and stress field.” J. Southwest Jiaotong Univ., 34(2), 181–189.
Li, T. C., Li, S. C., Chen, W. Z., and Qiu, X. (2004). “Coupled fluid-mechanical analysis of Xiamen subsea tunnel.” 26(3), 397–401.
Liu, J., Gu, Y., and Du, Y. X. (2006). “Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 28(9), 1070–1075.
Liu, J. F., Xu, J., Li, Q. S., and Li, G. L. (2010). “Experimental research on damping parameters of rock under the cyclic loading.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 29(5), 1036–1041.
Liu, Z., and Zhou, C. Y. (2010). “Stability of shallow tunnel structure influenced by its surrounding environment development.” Soil Eng. Found., 24(5), 61–65.
Liu, Z. R., Cui, G. Q., and Wang, X. (2014). “Vibration characteristics of a tunnel structure based on soil-structure interaction.” Int. J. Geomech., 04014018:1-8.
Song, S. G. (2012). “Study on seepage and deformation of surrounding rock and influence of overburden thickness in construction process of Qingdao subsea tunnel.” Master thesis, Shandong Univ., Jinan, China.
Wang, J. X., Wang, S. J., Wang, Z. Q., and Sun, L. (2008). “The analysis of the stability of the subsea tunnels.” Geotech. Invest. Surv., 36(2), 4–7.
Wang, Z. Q., Wang, J. X., Zheng, Y. R., and Zhang, L. M. (2007). “Limit analysis of subsea tunnel stability by finite element method in fault-rupture zone with water penetration.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 26(S2), 3751–3755.
Xu, H. Y. (2009). “The influence of bidirectional seismic action on seismic wave selection and column seismic design.” Master’s thesis, Chongqing Univ., Chongqing, China.
Yin, Y., Wang, Z. Q., and Wang, J. X. (2007). “Application of strength reduction finite element method in stability analysis of subsea tunnel.” J. Yantai Univ. (Nat. Sci. Eng. Ed.), 20(3), 210–214.
Zhang, J. H., Yang, X. L., and Zhang, B. (2015). “Upper bound quasi-static analysis of dynamic stability on shallow tunnel under earthquake action.” J. Central South Univ. (Sci. Tech.), 46(1), 238–247.
Zhang, Y. G. (2000). Introduction and detailed examples of ADINA, China Communications Press, Beijing (in Chinese).
Zheng, Y. R., Qiu, C. Y., Zhang, H., et al. (2008). “Exploration of stability analysis methods for surrounding rocks of soil tunnel.” Chin. J. Rock Mech. Eng., 27(10), 1968–1980.
Zienkiewicz, O. C., Humpheson, C., and Lewis, R. W. (1975). “Associated and non-associated visco-plasticity and plasticity in soil mechanics.” Géotechnique, 25(4), 671–689.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17 • Issue 9 • September 2017
Copyright
© 2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Aug 2, 2016
Accepted: Feb 8, 2017
Published online: May 5, 2017
Published in print: Sep 1, 2017
Discussion open until: Oct 5, 2017
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.