Technical Papers
Nov 1, 2016

General Analytical Model for Consolidation of Stone Column–Reinforced Ground and Combined Composite Ground

Publication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17, Issue 6

Abstract

First, this paper develops a new analytical model for the consolidation of stone column–reinforced ground by introducing multiple stone columns into the unit cell for analysis. Governing equations and analytical solutions are obtained for a time-varying surcharge loading, which includes four special loading schemes. The analytical model is then discussed and compared with a conventional analytical model with a single stone column in the unit cell. The results show that the conventional analytical model is a special case of the present model because they predict almost the same average degree of consolidation. This verifies the correctness of the proposed analytical model. Compared with the conventional analytical model, an apparent advantage of this analytical model is that multiple stone columns are introduced into the new unit cell, which makes it possible to extend it to solve the consolidation of a combined composite ground stabilized by impervious piles along with vertical drains with some modifications on the boundary conditions. In this context, analytical model and corresponding analytical solutions are further obtained for the consolidation of the combined composite ground based on the previously mentioned model. The new model is then applied to a field case study at the Huai-Yan Highway in Jiangsu Province, China, in which the embankment was stabilized with impervious piles in combination with prefabricated vertical drains. Good agreement can be observed between the predicted and measured settlement. Finally, a parametrical analysis is performed to investigate the consolidation behavior of the combined composite ground.

Get full access to this article

View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China (Grant 2015XKMS015), and their support is gratefully acknowledged.

References

Balaam, N. P., and Booker, J. R. (1981). “Analysis of rigid rafts supported by granular piles.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 5(4), 379–403.
Castro, J., and Sagaseta, C. (2009). “Consolidation around stone columns: Influence of column deformation.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 33(7), 851–877.
Chai, J. C., Miura, N., Sakajo, S., and Bergado, D. T. (1995). “Behavior of vertical drain improved subsoil under embankment loading.” Soils Found., 35(4), 49–61.
Han, J., and Ye, S. L. (2001). “Simplified method for consolidation rate of stone column reinforced foundations.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127(7), 597–603.
Han, J., and Ye, S. L. (2002). “A theoretical solution for consolidation rates of stone column-reinforced foundations accounting for smear and well resistance effects.” Int. J. Geomech., 135–151.
Hansbo, S. (1981). “Consolidation of fine-grained soils by prefabricated drains.” Proc., 10th Int. Conf. on Soils Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Stockholm, Vol. 3, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 677–682.
Ho, L., and Fatahi, B. (2015). “Analytical solution for the two-dimensional plane strain consolidation of an unsaturated soil stratum subjected to time-dependent loading.” Comput. Geotech., 67, 1–16.
Ho, L., Fatahi, B., and Khabbaz, H. (2016). “Analytical solution to axisymmetric consolidation in unsaturated soils with linearly depth-dependent initial conditions.” Comput. Geotech., 74, 102–121.
Indraratna, B., and Redana, I. W. (1997). “Plane-strain modeling of smear effects associated with vertical drains.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 474–478.
Leo, C. J. (2004). “Equal strain consolidation by vertical drains.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 316–327.
Liu, S. Y., Han, J., Zhang, D. W., and Hong, Z. S. (2008). “A combined DJM-PVD method for soft ground improvement.” Geosynth. Int., 15(1), 43–54.
Liu, S. Y., and Jing, F. (2003). “Settlement prediction of embankments with stage construction on soft ground.” Chin. J. Geotech. Eng., 25(2), 228–232.
Lu, M., Xie, K., Wang, S., and Li, C. (2013). “Analytical solution for the consolidation of a composite foundation reinforced by impervious column with an arbitrary stress increment.” Int. J. Geomech., 33–40.
Lu, M. M., Sloan, S. W., Indraratna, B., Jing, H. W., and Xie, K. H. (2016). “A new analytical model for consolidation with multiple vertical drains.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 40(11), 1623–1640.
Lu, M. M., Wang, S. Y., Sloan, S. W., Sheng, D. C., and Xie, K. H. (2015). “Nonlinear consolidation of vertical drains with coupled radial-vertical flow considering well resistance.” Geotext. Geomembr., 43(2), 182–189.
Lu, M. M., Xie, K. H., and Guo, B. (2010). “Consolidation theory for a composite foundation considering radial and vertical flows within the column and the variation of soil permeability within the disturbed soil zone.” Can. Geotech. J., 47(2), 207–217.
Lu, M. M., Xie, K. H., Li, C. X., and Wang, K. (2011). “Consolidation solution for composite foundation considering a time- and depth-dependent stress increment along with three distribution patterns of soil permeability.” J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. A, 12(4), 268–277.
Tang, X. W., and Onitsuka, K. (2000). “Consolidation by vertical drains under time-dependent loading.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 24(9), 739–751.
Walker, R., and Indraratna, B. (2006). “Vertical drain consolidation with parabolic distribution of permeability in smear zone.” J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 937–941.
Wang, X. S., and Jiao, J. J. (2004). “Analysis of soil consolidation by vertical drains with double porosity model.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 28(14), 1385–1400.
Xie, K. H., Lee, P. K. K., and Cheung, Y. K. (1994). “Consolidation of a two-layer system with ideal drains.” Proc., 8th Int. Conf. on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, Vol. 1, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 789–794.
Xie, K. H., Lu, M. M., and Liu, G. B. (2009). “Equal strain consolidation for stone-column reinforced foundation.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 33(15), 1721–1735.
Ye, G., Zhang, Z., Han, J., Xing, H., Huang, M., and Xiang, P. (2013). “Performance evaluation of an embankment on soft soil improved by deep mixed columns and prefabricated vertical drains.” J. Perform. Constr. Facil., 614–623.
Ye, G. B., Zhang, Z., Xing, H. F., Huang, M. S., and Xu, C. (2012). “Consolidation of a composite foundation with soil-cement columns and prefabricated vertical drains.” Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 71(1), 87–98.
Yoshikuni, H. (1979). Design and control of construction in the vertical drain method, Gihoudou, Tokyo.
Zeng, G. X., and Xie, K. H. (1989). “New development of the vertical drain theories.” Proc., 12th Int. Conf. on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, Vol. 2, A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, Netherlands, 1435–1438.
Zhang, D. W., Liu, S. Y., Han, W. J., and Du, G. Y. (2013). “A combined dry jet mixing-prefabricated vertical drain method for soft ground improvement: A case study.” Mar. Georesour. Geotech., 31(4), 332–347.
Zhang, D. W., Liu, S. Y., and Hong, Z. S. (2006). “Consolidation calculation method of soft ground improved by DJM-PVD combined method.” ASCE GeoShanghai Int. Conf., Geotechnical Special Publication, 152, ASCE, Reston, VA, 29–36.
Zhu, G. F., and Yin, J. H. (1998). “Consolidation of soil under depth-dependent ramp load.” Can. Geotech. J., 35(2), 344–350.

Information & Authors

Information

Published In

Go to International Journal of Geomechanics
International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 17Issue 6June 2017

History

Received: Feb 26, 2016
Accepted: Sep 14, 2016
Published online: Nov 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Apr 1, 2017
Published in print: Jun 1, 2017

Permissions

Request permissions for this article.

Authors

Affiliations

Associate Professor, School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China Univ. of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China (corresponding author). ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1052-388X. E-mail: [email protected]
Hongwen Jing
Professor, School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China Univ. of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
Yang Zhou
Associate Professor, School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, China Univ. of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China.
Kanghe Xie
Professor, Research Centre of Coastal and Urban Geotechnical Engineering, Zhejiang Univ., Hangzhou 310058, China.

Metrics & Citations

Metrics

Citations

Download citation

If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.

Cited by

View Options

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Get Access

Access content

Please select your options to get access

Log in/Register Log in via your institution (Shibboleth)
ASCE Members: Please log in to see member pricing

Purchase

Save for later Information on ASCE Library Cards
ASCE Library Cards let you download journal articles, proceedings papers, and available book chapters across the entire ASCE Library platform. ASCE Library Cards remain active for 24 months or until all downloads are used. Note: This content will be debited as one download at time of checkout.

Terms of Use: ASCE Library Cards are for individual, personal use only. Reselling, republishing, or forwarding the materials to libraries or reading rooms is prohibited.
ASCE Library Card (5 downloads)
$105.00
Add to cart
ASCE Library Card (20 downloads)
$280.00
Add to cart
Buy Single Article
$35.00
Add to cart

Media

Figures

Other

Tables

Share

Share

Copy the content Link

Share with email

Email a colleague

Share