Seismic Uplift Capacity of Horizontal Strip Anchors Using a Modified Pseudodynamic Approach
This article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYThis article has a reply.
VIEW THE REPLYPublication: International Journal of Geomechanics
Volume 16, Issue 1
Abstract
The uplift capacity of shallow horizontal strip anchors embedded in cohesionless soil has been obtained under seismic conditions. The limit equilibrium approach with log spiral failure surface together with modified pseudodynamic seismic forces has been adopted. In this modified pseudo dynamic approach, the soil is assumed to behave as a viscoelastic material overlying a rigid stratum and subjected to harmonic horizontal acceleration. This modified methodology satisfies the zero-stress boundary condition at the free ground surface. In the present methodology, the amplification of seismic acceleration depends on the soil properties and can be evaluated; hence, there is no need for assumption of any amplification value as is usually done in the literature. It is observed that the seismic acceleration distribution along the depth is highly nonlinear. The net seismic vertical uplift capacity factor for a unit weight component of soil () is estimated. The results under static and seismic conditions are determined for various combinations of input parameters, such as soil friction angle, embedment ratio, and seismic acceleration. It is observed that the design value of decreases significantly with an increase in seismic acceleration. As expected, the seismic uplift capacity increases with an increase in embedment ratio and soil friction angle. Results in terms of nondimensional net seismic uplift capacity factor are presented in graphical form. In addition, the present results are compared and found to be in good agreement with a very few available similar results in literature. The present study reveals the lowest critical design values of seismic uplift capacity factor that may be used in seismic design of shallow strip anchors.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Ahmad, S. M., and Choudhury, D. (2010). “Seismic rotational stability of waterfront retaining wall using pseudodynamic method.” Int. J. Geomech., 45–52.
Basha, B. M., and Babu, G. L. S. (2008). “Seismic passive earth pressure coefficients by pseudo-dynamic method using composite failure mechanism.” Proc. Geo-Congress 2008: The Challenge of Sustainability in the Geoenvironment, Geo-Institute of ASCE, New Orleans, 343–350.
Basha, B. M., and Babu, G. L. S. (2010). “Seismic rotational displacements of gravity walls by pseudodynamic method with curved rupture surface.” Int. J. Geomech., 93–105.
Basudhar, P. K., and Singh, D. N. (1994). “A generalized procedure for predicting optimal lower bound break-out factors of strip anchors.” Geotechnique, 44(2), 307–318.
Bellezza, I. (2014). “A new pseudo-dynamic approach for seismic active soil thrust.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 32(2), 561–576.
Choudhury, D., and Katdare, A. D. (2013). “New approach to determine seismic passive resistance on retaining walls considering seismic waves.” Int. J. Geomech., 852–860.
Choudhury, D., Katdare, A. D., and Pain, A. (2014a). “New method to compute seismic active earth pressure on retaining wall considering seismic waves.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 32(2), 391–402.
Choudhury, D., Katdare, A. D., Shukla, S. K., Basha, B. M., and Ghosh, P. (2014b). “Seismic behaviour of retaining structures, design issues and requalification techniques.” Indian Geotech. J., 44(2), 167–182.
Choudhury, D., and Nimbalkar, S. S. (2005). “Seismic passive resistance by pseudo-dynamic method.” Geotechnique, 55(9), 699–702.
Choudhury, D., and Nimbalkar, S. S. (2006). “Pseudo-dynamic approach of seismic active earth pressure behind retaining wall.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 24(5), 1103–1113.
Choudhury, D., and Nimbalkar, S. (2007). “Seismic rotational displacement of gravity walls by pseudo-dynamic method: Passive case.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 27(3), 242–249.
Choudhury, D., and Nimbalkar, S. S. (2008). “Seismic rotational displacement of gravity walls by pseudo-dynamic method.” Int. J. Geomech., 169–175.
Choudhury, D., and Subba Rao, K. S. (2002). “Seismic passive resistance in soils for negative wall friction.” Can. Geotech. J., 39(4), 971–981.
Choudhury, D., and Subba Rao, K. S. (2004). “Seismic uplift capacity of strip anchors in soil.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 22(1), 59–72.
Choudhury, D., and Subba Rao, K. S. (2005). “Seismic uplift capacity of inclined strip anchors.” Can. Geotech. J., 42(1), 263–271.
Deshmukh, V. B., Dewaikar, D. M., and Choudhury, D. (2010). “Computations of uplift capacity of pile anchors in cohesionless soil.” Acta Geotech., 5(2), 87–94.
Deshmukh, V. B., Dewaikar, D. M., and Choudhary, D. (2011). “Uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors in cohesionless soil.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 29(6), 977–988.
Dickin, E. A., and Laman, M. (2007). “Uplift response of the strip anchor in cohesionless soil.” Adv. Eng. Software, 38(8–9), 618–625.
Ghosh, P. (2007). “Seismic passive earth pressure behind nonvertical retaining wall using pseudo-dynamic analysis.” Geotech. Geol. Eng., 25(5), 693–703.
Ghosh, P. (2009). “Seismic vertical uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors using pseudo-dynamic approach.” Comp. Geotech., 36(1–2), 342–351.
Ghosh, S. (2010). “Pseudo-dynamic active force and pressure behind battered retaining wall supporting inclined backfill.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 30(11), 1226–1232.
Ghosh, S., and Saha, A. (2014). “Nonlinear failure surface and pseudodynamic passive resistance of a battered-faced retaining wall supporting c- backfill.” Int. J. Geomech., 04014010.
Jesmani, M., Kamalzare, M., and Nazari, M. (2013). “Numerical study of behavior of anchor plates in clayey soils.” Int. J. Geomech., 502–513.
Kame, G. S., Dewaikar, D. M., and Choudhury, D. (2012). “Pullout capacity of vertical plate anchors in cohesion-less soil.” Geomech. Eng., 4(2), 105–120.
Katdare, A., and Choudhury, D. (2012). “Effect of rayleigh wave on seismic active earth pressure behind retaining wall.” Disaster Adv., 5(4), 1154–1159.
Kolsky, H. (1963). Stress waves in solids, Dover Publications, New York.
Kouzer, K. M., and Kumar, J. (2009). “Vertical uplift capacity of equally spaced horizontal strip anchors in sand.” Int. J. Geomech., 230–236.
Kramer, S. L. (1996). Geotechnical earthquake engineering, Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ.
Kumar, J. (1999). “Kinematic slices approach for uplift analysis of strip anchors.” Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 23(11), 1159–1170.
Kumar, J. (2001). “Seismic vertical uplift capacity of strip anchors.” Geotechnique, 51(3), 275–279.
Kumar, J., and Kouzer, K. M. (2008). “Vertical uplift capacity of horizontal anchors using upper bound limit analysis and finite elements.” Can. Geotech. J., 45(5), 698–704.
Kumar, J., and Subba Rao, K. S. (1997). “Passive pressure coefficients, critical failure surface and its kinematic admissibility.” Geotechnique, 47(1), 185–192.
MATLAB 7.13 [Computer software]. (2011). Natick, MA, MathWorks.
Merifield, R. S., and Sloan, S. W. (2006). “The ultimate pullout capacity of anchors in frictional soils.” Can. Geotech. J., 43(8), 852–868.
Meyerhof, G. G. (1973). “The uplift capacity of foundation under oblique load.” Can. Geotech. J., 10, 64–70.
Meyerhof, G. G., and Adams, J. I. (1968). “The ultimate uplift capacity of foundations.” Can. Geotech. J., 5(4), 225–244.
Murray, E. J., and Geddes, J. D. (1987). “Uplift of anchor plates in sand.” J. Geotech. Eng., 202–215.
Nimbalkar, S., and Choudhury, D. (2007). “Sliding stability and seismic design of retaining wall by pseudo-dynamic method for passive case.” Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng., 27(6), 497–505.
Nimbalkar, S. S., Choudhury, D., and Mandal, J. N. (2006). “Seismic stability of reinforced soil-wall by pseudo-dynamic method.” Geosynthetics Int., 13(3), 111–119.
Rangari, S. M. (2013). “Seismic uplift capacities of horizontal and inclined strip anchors in cohesionless soil.” Ph.D. thesis, Indian Institute of Technology Powai, Bombay, India.
Rangari, S. M., Choudhury, D., and Dewaikar, D. M. (2013a). “Estimation of seismic uplift capacity of horizontal strip anchors using pseudo-dynamic approach.” KSCE J. Civil Eng., 17(5), 989–1000.
Rangari, S. M., Choudhury, D., and Dewaikar, D. M. (2013b). “Seismic uplift capacity of shallow horizontal strip anchor under oblique load using pseudo-dynamic approach.” Soils Found., 53(5), 692–707.
Richards, R., Elms, D. G., and Budhu, M. (1990). “Dynamic fluidization of soils.” J. Geotech. Eng., 740–759.
Rokonuzzaman, Md., and Sakai, T. (2012). “Model tests and 3D finite element simulations of uplift resistance of shallow rectangular anchor foundations.” Int. J. Geomech., 105–112.
Rowe, R. K., and Davis, E. H. (1982). “The behaviour of anchor plates in sand.” Geotechnique, 32(1), 25–41.
Steedman, R. S., and Zeng, X. (1990). “The influence of phase on the calculation of pseudo-static earth pressure on a retaining wall.” Geotechnique, 40(1), 103–112.
Subba Rao, K. S., and Kumar, J. (1994). “Vertical uplift capacity of horizontal anchors.” J Geotech. Eng., 1134–1147.
Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical soil mechanics, Wiley, New York.
Vesic, A. S. (1971). “Breakout resistance of objects embedded in ocean bottom.” J. Soil Mech. Found. Eng. Div., 97(9), 1183–1205.
White, D. J., Cheuk, C. Y., and Bolton, M. D. (2008). “The uplift resistance of pipes and plate anchors buried in sand.” Geotechnique, 58(10), 771–779.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2015 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 10, 2014
Accepted: Nov 13, 2014
Published online: May 12, 2015
Discussion open until: Oct 12, 2015
Published in print: Feb 1, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.