Research on Energy Management of Fuel-Cell Electric Tractor Based on Quadratic Utility Function
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 149, Issue 1
Abstract
To solve the problems of high pollutant emission of traditional diesel tractors and short continuous operation time of pure electric tractors, a new tractor powertrain system model with a fuel cell as the primary energy source, battery as the auxiliary energy source, and electric motors as the power source is developed. The fuel cell, battery, and degradation models are constructed. A rule-based control strategy is designed to distribute the current between fuel cell and battery, maximizing the benefits of the fuel cell and battery in the energy management process by differentiating the quadratic utility function and combining the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker (KKT) conditions. Finally, the optimal weight coefficient in the strategy is obtained through the Nash equilibrium. The simulation results show that the designed energy management strategy can adequately maintain the battery state of charge (SOC), reduce the performance degradation of the fuel cell, and improve the tractor’s ploughing mileage. The tractor is equipped with 960 g of hydrogen, the initial SOC is 90%, and it can operate continuously for 2.8 h.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available from the corresponding author by request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province, Project No. BE2018343-1.
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Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 149 • Issue 1 • February 2023
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: May 23, 2022
Accepted: Aug 7, 2022
Published online: Oct 18, 2022
Published in print: Feb 1, 2023
Discussion open until: Mar 18, 2023
ASCE Technical Topics:
- Batteries
- Chemical degradation
- Chemical processes
- Chemistry
- Electric power
- Energy engineering
- Energy infrastructure
- Energy sources (by type)
- Energy storage
- Engineering mechanics
- Environmental engineering
- Equilibrium
- Fuels
- Infrastructure
- Lifeline systems
- Non-renewable energy
- Pollution
- Renewable energy
- Statics (mechanics)
- Utilities
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