Theoretical Route toward the Estimation of Second Law Potential of an Emulsified Palm Biodiesel Run Diesel Engine
Publication: Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 140, Issue 3
Abstract
The application of biodiesel as an alternative to diesel is well recognized. However, having a lesser calorific value than diesel, it results in a lower power and efficiency. This can suitably be improved by emulsifying biodiesel with water. However, the properties of biodiesel emulsions are not similar to that of diesel. Hence, the energy and availability distribution of a biodiesel emulsion–run engine will not be identical to that of a diesel-run engine at standard diesel settings. To enlighten this ambiguous fact of literature, an energy-exergy analysis has been performed for a water-in-biodiesel emulsion run diesel engine for a set of compression ratios (CRs) and injection timings (ITs) at full engine load. The biodiesel considered for the study is palm oil methyl ester (POME). The parameters analyzed are the energy and exergy potential of fuel input, shaft work, cooling water, exhaust gas, and exergy destruction. Side by side, the effects of the variation of CR and IT on peak pressure, peak heat release rate, brake thermal efficiency, exergy efficiency, exhaust gas temperature, and entropy generation rate are also discussed.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abu-Zaid, M. (2004). “Performance of single cylinder, direct injection diesel engine using water fuel emulsions.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 45(5), 697–705.
Al-Najem, N. M., and Diab, J. M. (1992). “Energy–exergy analysis of a diesel engine.” Heat Recovery Syst. CHP, 12(6), 525–529.
Ashok, M. P. (2012). “Identification of best additive using the selected ratio of ethanol–diesel-based emulsified fuel.” Int. J. Sustain. Energy, 31(3), 203–212.
Ashok, M. P., and Saravanan, C. G. (2007). “Combustion characteristics of compression engine driven by emulsified fuel under various fuel injection angles.” ASME J. Energ. Resour. Technol., 129(4), 325–331.
Ayhan, V. (2013). “The effects of emulsified fuel on the performance and emission of direct injection diesel engine.” J. Energy Eng., 91–98.
Aziz, A. A., Said, M. F., and Awang, M. A. (2005). “Performance of palm oil-based biodiesel fuels in a single cylinder direct injection engine.” Palm Oil Dev., 42, 15–27.
Basha, J. S., and Anand, R. B. (2011a). “An experimental study in a CI engine using nanoadditive blended water–diesel emulsion fuel.” Int. J. Green Energ., 8(3), 332–348.
Basha, J. S., and Anand, R. B. (2011b). “An experimental investigation in a diesel engine using carbon nanotubes blended water–diesel emulsion fuel.” Proc. IMechE, Part A J. Power Energ., 225(3), 279.
Caliskan, H., Tat, M. E., Hepbasli, A., and Van Gerpen, J. H. (2010). “Exergy analysis of engines fuelled with biodiesel from high oleic soybeans based on experimental values.” Int. J. Exergy, 7(1), 20–36.
Canakci, M., and Hosoz, M. (2006). “Energy and exergy analyses of a diesel engine fuelled with various biodiesels.” Energ. Sourc. B Energ. Econ. Plann., 1(4), 379–394.
Caton, J. A. (2000). “On the destruction of availability (exergy) due to combustion process—with specific application to internal-combustion engines.” Energy, 25(11), 1097–1117.
Couse, J. R. (1992). “Diesel as case of consumer choice in alternative transport fuels.” J. Energy Eng., 95–108.
Crookes, R. J., Kiannejad, F., and Nazha, M. A. A. (1997). “Systematic assessment of combustion characteristics of biofuels and emulsions with water for use as diesel engine fuels.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 38(15–17), 1785–1795.
Debnath, B. K., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2011). “Effect of compression ratio on the performance characteristics of a palm oil methyl ester run diesel engine.” Proc., ASME 2011 IMECE Energy and Water Scarcity, Paper No. IMECE2010–65135, Colorado, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY.
Debnath, B. K., Sahoo, N., and Saha, U. K. (2013). “Thermodynamic analysis of a variable compression ratio diesel engine running with palm oil methyl ester.” Energy Convers. Manage., 65, 147–154.
Ebiana, A. B., Savadekar, R. T., and Patel, K. V. (2005). “Entropy generation/availability energy loss analysis inside MIT gas spring and ‘two space’ test rigs.” Proc., Third Int. Energy Conversion Engineering Conf. (IECEC), San Francisco, American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Reston, VA.
EL-Kassaby, M., and Nemit-allah, M. A. (2013). “Studying the effect of compression ratio on an engine fueled with waste oil produced biodiesel/diesel fuel.” Alexandria Eng. J., 52(1), 1–11.
Flynn, P. F., Hoag, K. L., Kamel, M. M., and Primus, R. J. (1984). “A new perspective on diesel engine evaluation based on second law analysis.” No. 840032, SAE, Warrendale, PA.
Frimpong, S. (2008). “Global energy security: The case for a multifaceted solution strategy.” J. Energy Eng., 109–110.
Giakoumis, E. G. (2007). “Cylinder wall insulation effects on the first- and second-law balances of a turbocharged diesel engine operating under transient load conditions.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 48(11), 2925–2933.
Haşimoğlu1, C., Ciniviz, M., Parlak, A., Özsert, İ., and İçingür, Y. (2011). “Part load performance characteristics of a low-heat rejection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel.” J. Energy Eng., 70–75.
Heywood, J. B. (1988). Internal combustion engine fundamentals, McGraw-Hill Book, New York.
Jindal, S., Nandwana, B. P., Rathore, N. S., and Vashistha, V. (2010). “Experimental investigation of the effect of compression ratio and injection pressure in a direct injection diesel engine running on Jatropha methyl ester.” Appl. Therm. Eng., 30(5), 442–448.
Kotas, T. J. (1985). The exergy method of thermal plant analysis, Butterworths, London.
Langer, D. A., and Daly, D. T. (2000). “Future fuels and fuel additives for vehicle emissions control.” Proc., 219th American Chemical Society National Meeting, San Francisco, American Chemical Society, Washington, DC.
Lin, C.-Y., and Chen, L.-W. (2006a). “Engine performance and emission characteristics of three-phase diesel emulsions prepared by an ultrasonic emulsification method.” Fuel, 85(5–6), 593–600.
Lin, C.-Y., and Chen, L.-W. (2006b). “Emulsification characteristics of three- and two-phase emulsions prepared by the ultrasonic emulsification method.” Fuel Process. Technol., 87(4), 309–317.
Lin, C.-Y., and Chen, L.-W. (2008). “Comparison of fuel properties and emission characteristics of two- and three-phase emulsions prepared by ultrasonically vibrating and mechanically homogenizing emulsification methods.” Fuel, 87(10–11), 2154–2161.
Lin, C.-Y., and Lin, S.-A. (2007a). “Effects of emulsification variables on fuel properties of two- and three-phase biodiesel emulsions.” Fuel, 86(1–2), 210–217.
Lin, C.-Y., and Lin, S.-A. (2007b). “Engine performance and emission characteristics of a three-phase emulsion of biodiesel produced by peroxidation.” Fuel Process. Technol., 88(1), 35–41.
Lin, C.-Y., and Wang, K.-H. (2004). “Effects of an oxygenated additive on the emulsification characteristics of two- and three-phase diesel emulsions.” Fuel, 83(4–5), 507–515.
Lyn, W. T. (1962). “Study of burning rate and natural of combustion in diesel engines.” Proc., 9th Int. Symp. on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, 1069–1082.
Moran, M. J., and Shapiro, H. N. (1995). Fundamentals of engineering thermodynamics, Wiley, New York.
Ozsezen, A. N., and Canakci, M. (2011). “Determination of performance and combustion characteristics of a diesel engine fueled with canola and waste palm oil methyl esters.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 52(1), 108–116.
Park, J. W., Huh, K. Y., and Lee, J. H. (2001). “Reduction of NOX, smoke and brake specific fuel consumption with optimal injection timing and emulsion ratio of water-emulsified diesel.” Proc., IMechE, Part D J. Automobile Eng., 215(1), 83–93.
Parlak, A., Yasar, H., and Eldogan, O. (2005). “The effect of thermal barrier coating on a turbo-charged Diesel engine performance and exergy potential of the exhaust gas.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 46(3), 489–499.
Raheman, H., and Ghadge, S. V. (2008). “Performance of diesel engine with biodiesel at varying compression ratio and ignition timing.” Fuel, 87(12), 2659–2666.
Rakopoulos, C. D., Dimaratos, A. M., Giakoumis, E. G., and Rakopoulos, D. C. (2010). “Investigating the emissions during acceleration of a turbocharged diesel engine operating with bio-diesel or n-butanol diesel fuel blends.” Energy, 35(12), 5173–5184.
Rakopoulos, C. D., and Giakoumis, E. G. (2004). “Parametric study of transient turbocharged diesel engine operation from the second-law perspective.” No. 2004-01-1679, SAE, Warrendale, PA.
Rakopoulos, C. D., and Giakoumis, E. G. (2005). “The influence of cylinder wall temperature profile on the second-law diesel engine transient response.” Appl. Therm. Eng., 25(11–12), 1779–1795.
Rakopoulos, C. D., and Giakoumis, E. G. (2006a). “Comparative first- and second-law parametric study of transient diesel engine operation.” Energy, 31(12), 1927–1942.
Rakopoulos, C. D., and Giakoumis, E. G. (2006b). “Second-law analyses applied to internal combustion engines operation.” Progr. Energ. Combust. Sci., 32(1), 2–47.
Rakopoulos, C. D., and Kyritsis, D. C. (2001). “Comparative second-law analysis of internal combustion engine operation for methane, methanol and dodecane fuels.” Energy, 26(7), 705–722.
Rakopoulos, C. D., Rakopoulos, D. C., Giakoumis, E. G., and Kyritsis, D. C. (2011). “The combustion of n-butanol/diesel fuel blends and its cyclic variability in a direct injection diesel engine.” Proc. IMechE, Part A J. Power Energ., 225(3), 289–308.
Sahoo, B. B., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2011a). “Theoretical performance limits of a syngas-diesel fueled compression ignition engine from second law analysis.” Energy, 36(2), 760–769.
Sahoo, B. B., Saha, U. K., and Sahoo, N. (2012). “Diagnosing the effects of pilot fuel quality on exergy terms in a biogas run dual fuel diesel engine.” Int. J. Exerg., 10(1), 77–93.
Sahoo, B. B., Saha, U. K., Sahoo, N., and Prusty, P. (2009). “Analysis of throttle opening variation impact on a diesel engine performance using second law of thermodynamics.” Proc. ASME Internal Combustion Engine Division 2009 Spring Technical Conf., Milwaukee, WI, American Society of Mechanical Engineers, New York, NY.
Sahoo, B. B., Sahoo, N., and Saha, U. K. (2011b). “Effect of load level on the performance of a dual fuel compression ignition engine operating on syngas fuels with varying H2/CO content.” Trans. ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power, 133(12), 1–12.
Sayin, C., Hosoz, M., Canakci, M., and Kilicaslam, L. (2007). “Exergy and energy analysis of a gasoline engine.” Int. J. Energ. Res., 31(3), 259–273.
Shah, A. N., Yun-shan, G., and Jian-wei, T. (2009). “Carbonyls emission comparison of a turbocharged diesel engine fuelled with diesel, biodiesel, and biodiesel-diesel blend.” Jordan J. Mech. Ind. Eng., 3(2), 111–118.
Stepanov, V. S. (1995). “Chemical energies and exergies of fuels.” Energy, 20(3), 235–242.
Stone, R. (1997). Introduction to internal combustion engines, SAE, Warrendale, PA.
Subramanian, K. A. (2011). “A comparison of water–diesel emulsion and timed injection of water into the intake manifold of a diesel engine for simultaneous control of NO and smoke emissions.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 52(2), 849–857.
Usta, N., et al. (2005). “Combustion of biodiesel fuel produced from hazelnut soapstock/waste sunflower oil mixture in a diesel engine.” Energ. Convers. Manage., 46(5), 741–755.
Yang, W., et al. (2013). “Emulsion fuel with novel nano-organic additives for diesel engine application.” Fuel, 104, 726–731.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Energy Engineering
Volume 140 • Issue 3 • September 2014
Copyright
© 2014 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 8, 2013
Accepted: Mar 29, 2013
Published online: May 2, 2013
Discussion open until: Jul 11, 2014
Published in print: Sep 1, 2014
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.