Dynamics-Based Analytical Correlation between Flexure–Shear Coupled Model and Frame–Tube–Outrigger Model for Frame Core–Tube Structural Systems
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 148, Issue 11
Abstract
To establish a physically direct link between the subsystem-level stiffness demand (i.e., the external frame system, internal core tube, link beam system, and outrigger-belt system) and that at the global system level of frame core-tube structural systems that have been commonly used in super high-rise buildings, this paper examines the analytical correlation of the dynamic characteristics between the modified flexure-shear coupled model (FSM-MS) and modified frame-tube-outrigger model (MFTOM) proposed previously. The MFTOM is developed with the appropriate distribution functions of linear density and subsystem stiffness in the frame-core tube system, and its approximate vibration periods are analytically determined by the rationally assumed mode shape and derived approximate mode shape derivative and curvature. From the perspective of the energy balance of the free vibration, the frequency amplification factor induced by outriggers is formulated. The effectiveness of the correlation established by the first two order vibration periods is systematically demonstrated from a series of cases, from the aspects of vibration periods and inter-story drift ratios. The results of the parameter analysis indicate that the influence of the outrigger on the structural shear-flexural stiffness ratio is mainly realized by the constraint on the flexural deformation of the core tube and the amplification of the axial deformation of the column. The proposed correlation not only provides a reliable theoretical basis for distributing the structural lateral stiffness to the subsystem stiffness in the preliminary design, but can also be used as a practical tool to adjust the overall lateral deformation shape of the frame-core tube system.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like express their gratitude to the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 52078105).
References
ACI (American Concrete Institute). 2019. Building code requirements for structural concrete and commentary. ACI 318-19. Farmington Hills, MI: ACI.
Alonso-Rodríguez, A., and E. Miranda. 2016. “Dynamic behavior of buildings with non-uniform stiffness along their height assessed through coupled flexural and shear beams.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 14 (12): 3463–3483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-0009-2.
ASCE. 2016. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE/SEI 7-16. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Çelebi, M. 2016. “Responses of a 58-story RC dual core shear wall and outrigger frame building inferred from two earthquakes.” Earthquake Spectra 32 (4): 2449–2471. https://doi.org/10.1193/011916EQS018M.
Chen, Y., and Z. Zhang. 2018. “Analysis of outrigger numbers and locations in outrigger braced structures using a multiobjective genetic algorithm.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 27 (1): e1408. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1408.
Chopra, A. K. 2016. Dynamics of structures: Theory and applications to earthquake engineering. 5th ed. Boston: Univ. of California at Berkeley, Pearson Education.
Dym, C. 2013. “Approximating frequencies of tall buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 139 (2): 288–293. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000656.
Dym, C. L., and H. E. William. 2007. “Estimating fundamental frequencies of tall buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 133 (10): 1479–1483. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2007)133:10(1479).
Gould, P. L. 1965. “Interaction of shear wall-frame systems in multistory buildings.” J. ACI 62 (1): 45–70.
Hoenderkamp, J. C. D., and M. C. M. Bakker. 2003. “Analysis of high-rise braced frames with outriggers.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 12 (4): 335–350. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.226.
Huang, B., and T. Takeuchi. 2017. “Dynamic response evaluation of damped-outrigger systems with various heights.” Earthquake Spectra 33 (2): 665–685. https://doi.org/10.1193/051816EQS082M.
Ilgın, H. E. 2021. “Space efficiency in contemporary supertall office buildings.” J. Archit. Eng. 27 (3): 04021024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)AE.1943-5568.0000486.
Khan, F. R., and J. A. Sbarounis. 1964. “Interaction of shear walls and frames.” J. Struct. Div. 90 (3): 285–335. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0001091.
Lai, X., S. He, and Z. He. 2022. “Earthquake-resistant subsystem stiffness demand estimate of frame–core tube structures with mass and stiffness nonuniformities.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 31 (7): e1925. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1925.
Lai, X., and Z. He. 2022. “A generalized hybrid model considering earthquake-induced internal force distribution rules for super high-rise frame-core tube structures.” Eng. Struct. 268 (Oct): 114745. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2022.114745.
Lai, X., Z. He, and Y. Wu. 2021. “Elastic inter-story drift seismic demand estimate of super high-rise buildings using coupled flexural-shear model with mass and stiffness non-uniformities.” Eng. Struct. 226 (Jan): 111378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111378.
Li, Q. S. 2001. “Exact solutions for free vibration of shear-type structures with arbitrary distribution of mass or stiffness.” J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 110 (4): 1958–1966. https://doi.org/10.1121/1.1372225.
Lin, P. C., T. Takeuchi, and R. Matsui. 2018. “Seismic performance evaluation of single damped-outrigger system incorporating bucking-restrained braces.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 47 (12): 2343–2365. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.3072.
Lu, Z., X. Y. Chen, X. Lu, and Z. Yang. 2016. “Shaking table test and numerical simulation of an RC frame-core tube structure for earthquake-induced collapse.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 45 (9): 1537–1556. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2723.
Lu, Z., X. He, and Y. Zhou. 2018. “Performance-based seismic analysis on a super high-rise building with improved viscously damped outrigger system.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 25 (8): e2019. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.2190.
MHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). 2010. Technical specification for concrete structures of tall building. JGJ3-2010. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
MHURD (Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China). 2014. Code for seismic design of buildings. GB 50011-2010. Beijing: China Architecture and Building Press.
Miranda, E., and S. Taghavi. 2005. “Approximate floor acceleration demands in multistory buildings. I: Formulation.” J. Struct. Eng. 131 (2): 203–211. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2005)131:2(203).
NIST. 2021. “Chapter 10: Bessel functions.” Accessed December 3, 2021. https://dlmf.nist.gov/10.
Simmonds, P. 2015. ASHRAE design guide for tall, supertall, and megatall building systems. Atlanta: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers.
Smith, B. S., and E. Crowe. 1986. “Estimating periods of vibration of tall buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 112 (5): 1005–1019. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:5(1005).
Smith, B. S., and I. Salim. 1981. “Parameter study of outrigger-braced tall building structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 107 (10): 2001–2014. https://doi.org/10.1061/JSDEAG.0005798.
Sun, F. F., M. Wang, and S. Nagarajaiah. 2021. “Multi-objective optimal design and seismic performance of negative stiffness damped outrigger structures considering damping cost.” Eng. Struct. 229 (Feb): 111615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2020.111615.
Tan, P., C. J. Fang, C. M. Chang, B. F. Spencer, and F. L. Zhou. 2015. “Dynamic characteristics of novel energy dissipation systems with damped outriggers.” Eng. Struct. 98 (Sep): 128–140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.04.033.
Tian, S., and J. Nie. 2013. “Assessment of reasonable stiffness for frame-concrete corewall hybrid structure with strengthened story in seismic design.” [In Chinese.] Build. Struct. 43 (12): 9–14.
Wu, J. R., and Q. S. Li. 2003. “Structural performance of multi-outrigger-braced tall buildings.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 12 (2): 155–176. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.219.
Xiong, C., X. Lu, H. Guan, and Z. Xu. 2016. “A nonlinear computational model for regional seismic simulation of tall buildings.” Bull. Earthquake Eng. 14 (4): 1047–1069. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-016-9880-0.
Xiong, C., X. Lu, and X. Lin. 2019. “Damage assessment of shear wall components for RC frame-shear wall buildings using story curvature as engineering demand parameter.” Eng. Struct. 189 (Jun): 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2019.03.068.
Xu, Z., P. Xu, and C. Xiao. 2013. “A study on the seismic performance of steel-reinforced concrete frame-concrete core wall high-rise mixed structure by large-scale shaking table tests and numerical simulations.” Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 42 (13): 1951–1969. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2306.
Zhang, F. L., H. B. Xiong, W. X. Shi, and X. Ou. 2016. “Structural health monitoring of Shanghai Tower during different stages using a Bayesian approach.” Struct. Control Health Monit. 23 (11): 1366–1384. https://doi.org/10.1002/stc.1840.
Zheng, X., T. Yi, D. Yang, and H. Li. 2021. “Stiffness estimation of girder bridges using influence lines identified from vehicle-induced structural responses.” J. Eng. Mech. 147 (8): 04021042. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001942.
Zhou, Y., C. Zhang, and X. Lv. 2016. “An inter-story drift-based parameter analysis of the optimal location of outriggers in tall buildings.” Struct. Des. Tall Special Build. 25 (5): 215–231. https://doi.org/10.1002/tal.1236.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Copyright
© 2022 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jan 26, 2022
Accepted: Jun 22, 2022
Published online: Sep 14, 2022
Published in print: Nov 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Feb 14, 2023
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.