Inelastic Response of Base-Isolated Tall Buildings under Nonstationary Winds: Response History Analysis and Statistical Linearization Approach
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 147, Issue 10
Abstract
This study investigated uncoupled crosswind and alongwind responses of base-isolated tall buildings under nonstationary wind excitations. The base isolation system has hysteretic restoring force characteristics represented in the Bouc–Wen model, while the upper building is modeled as a linear elastic multiple-degrees-of-freedom shear building. The nonstationary story wind forces are modeled in terms of evolutionary power spectra. Response time-history analysis was performed to characterize the response statistics including mean, standard deviation (STD), and extreme value. This work included an analytical solution of nonstationary time-varying response statistics. The time-varying mean of alongwind base displacement is determined from the solution of the state-space equation. The time-varying STDs of both alongwind and crosswind responses were estimated from the statistical linearization with Gaussian assumption combined with evolutionary spectra analysis. The numerical examples show that the transient effect of nonstationary excitations declines when yielding becomes significant, which leads to an increase in system damping. In the case of alongwind response, the transient effect on the time-varying mean of base displacement is more significant. This study not only presents an effective analytical approach but also sheds new insights toward improved understanding of inelastic responses of base-isolated tall buildings under nonstationary winds, contributing to a safer and more economical design of base-isolated tall buildings.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Data Availability Statement
All of the data and models that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
The support for this work provided in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. CMMI-1536108 is gratefully acknowledged.
References
AIJ (Architectural Institute of Japan). 2004. AIJ recommendations for load on buildings. Tokyo: AIJ.
ASCE. 2017. Minimum design loads for buildings and other structures. ASCE 7-16. Reston, VA: ASCE.
Baber, T. T. 1984. “Nonzero mean random vibration of hysteretic systems.” J. Eng. Mech. 110 (7): 1036–1049. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1984)110:7(1036).
Baber, T. T., and Y. K. Wen. 1981. “Random vibration hysteretic, degrading systems.” J. Eng. Mech. Div. 107 (6): 1069–1087. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0002768.
Chen, L., and C. W. Letchford. 2004. “Parametric study on the along-wind response of the CAARC building to downbursts in the time domain.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 92 (9): 703–724. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2004.03.001.
Chen, X. 2008. “Analysis of alongwind tall building response to transient nonstationary winds.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (5): 782–791. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:5(782).
Chen, X. 2014. “Analysis of multimode coupled buffeting response of long-span bridges to nonstationary winds with force parameters from stationary wind.” J. Struct. Eng. 141 (4): 04014131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001078.
Chen, X. 2015. “Analysis of multimode coupled buffeting response of long-span bridges to nonstationary winds with force parameters from stationary wind.” J. Eng. Mech. 141 (4): 04014131. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001078.
Chen, X., and A. Kareem. 2005. “Proper orthogonal decomposition-based modeling, analysis, and simulation of dynamic wind load effects on structures.” J. Eng. Mech. 131 (4): 325–339. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(2005)131:4(325).
Davenport, A. G. 1964. “Note on the distribution of the largest value of a random function with application to gust loading.” Proc. Inst. Civ. Eng. 28 (2): 187–196.
Feng, C., and X. Chen. 2018. “Estimation of nonstationary crosswind response of tall buildings with nonlinear aeroelastic effect.” J. Eng. Mech. 144 (7): 04018053. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001474.
Feng, C., and X. Chen. 2019a. “Estimation of inelastic crosswind response of base-isolated tall buildings: Performance of statistical linearization approaches.” J. Struct. Eng. 145 (12): 04019161. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002465.
Feng, C., and X. Chen. 2019b. “Evaluation and characterization of probabilistic alongwind and crosswind responses of base-isolated tall buildings.” J. Eng. Mech. 145 (12): 04019097. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)EM.1943-7889.0001679.
Holmes, J. D., G. Forristall, and J. McConochie. 2005. “Dynamic response of structures to thunderstorm winds.” In Proc., 10th Americas Conf. on Wind Engineering (10ACWE) (CD-ROM). Boston: Northeastern Univ.
Huang, G., X. Chen, H. Liao, and M. Li. 2013. “Predicting tall building response to nonstationary winds using multiple wind speed samples.” Wind Struct. 17 (2): 227–244. https://doi.org/10.12989/was.2013.17.2.227.
JSSI (Japan Society of Seismic Isolation). 2017. Guidelines for wind-resistant design of base-isolated buildings. Tokyo: JSSI.
Kareem, A. 1997. “Modelling of base-isolated buildings with passive dampers under winds.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 72 (Nov–Dec): 323–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(97)00232-8.
Kareem, A., L. Hu, Y. Guo, and D. K. Kwon. 2019. “Generalized wind loading chain: Time-frequency modeling framework for nonstationary wind effects on structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 145 (10): 04019092. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0002376.
Kasai, K., and K. Matsuda. 2013. “Significant building response records from the 2011 Tohoku earthquake and the implications for seismic designs and analysis.” In Proc., SMIP 13 Seminar on Utilization of Strong-Motion Data, 3–23. Sacramento, CA: California Department of Conservation.
Katagiri, J., T. Ohkuma, H. Marukawa, and T. Tsurumi. 2014. “Study of wind response of isolated layer of a base-isolated high-rise building using rain-flow method.” [In Japanese.] In Proc., 23rd National Symp. on Wind Engineering, 307–312. Fort Collin, CO: Colorado State Univ.
Katagiri, J., T. Ohkuma, H. Marukawa, and H. Yasui. 2012. “Unstable aerodynamic responses of base-isolated high-rise buildings.” [In Japanese.] J. Struct. Constr. Eng. 77 (681): 1637–1644. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.77.1637.
Katagiri, J., T. Ohkuma, H. Yasui, H. Marukawa, and T. Tsurumi. 2011. “Study of accuracy for reduced model of high-rise buildings with base isolation systems.” [In Japanese.] AIJ J. Technol. Des. 17 (36): 461–466. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijt.17.461.
Kwon, D. K., and A. Kareem. 2009. “Gust-front factor: New framework for wind load effects on structures.” J. Struct. Eng. 135 (6): 717–732. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2009)135:6(717).
Liang, B., X. Shishu, and T. Jiaxiang. 2002. “Wind effects on habitability of base-isolated buildings.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 90 (12–15): 1951–1958. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-6105(02)00300-8.
Lutes, L. D., and S. Sarkani. 2004. Random vibrations: Analysis of structural and mechanical systems. Burlington, MA: Elsevier Butterworth-Heinemann.
Ogawa, R., K. Yoshie, D. Sato, T. Sato, and H. Kitamura. 2016. “Prediction method for quasi-static component response of high-rise seismic isolated building under fluctuating wind force.” [In Japanese.] J. Wind Eng. 41 (2): 41–47. https://doi.org/10.5359/jwe.41.41.
Ohkuma, T., H. Mukai, H. Niwa, and T. Teramoto. 1994. “Time-spatial correlation model on simulation of local wind forces using dynamic balance data on tall buildings.” [In Japanese.] In Proc., 13th National Symp. on Wind Engineering, 185–190. Notre Dame, IN: Univ. of Notre Dame.
Roberts, J. B., and P. D. Spanos. 2003. Random vibration and statistical linearization. Mineola, NY: Dover Publications.
Ryan, K. L., and J. Polanco. 2008. “Problems with Rayleigh damping in base-isolated buildings.” J. Struct. Eng. 134 (11): 1780–1784. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(2008)134:11(1780).
Shinozuka, M., and C. M. Jan. 1972. “Digital simulation of random processes and its applications.” J. Sound Vib. 25 (1): 111–128. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-460X(72)90600-1.
Siringoringo, D. M., and Y. Fujino. 2017. “Wind-induced responses and dynamics characteristics of an asymmetrical base-isolated building observed during typhoons.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 167 (Aug): 183–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2017.04.020.
Solari, G. 2016. “Thunderstorm response spectrum technique: Theory and applications.” Eng. Struct. 108 (Feb): 28–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2015.11.012.
Solari, G., and P. De Gaetano. 2018. “Dynamic response of structures to thunderstorm outflows: Response spectrum technique vs time-domain analysis.” Eng. Struct. 176 (Dec): 188–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2018.08.062.
Solari, G., P. De Gaetano, and M. P. Repetto. 2015. “Thunderstorm response spectrum: Fundamentals and case study.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn. 143 (Aug): 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jweia.2015.04.009.
Wen, Y. K. 1976. “Method for random vibration of hysteretic systems.” J. Eng. Mech. Div. 102 (2): 249–263. https://doi.org/10.1061/JMCEA3.0002106.
Wong, C. W., Y. Q. Ni, and J. M. Ko. 1994. “Steady-state oscillation of hysteretic differential model. II: Performance analysis.” J. Eng. Mech. 120 (11): 2299–2325. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9399(1994)120:11(2299).
Yoshie, K., H. Kitamura, T. Ohkuma, and A. Wada. 2006. “A prediction method for response of an elasto-plastic structure to wide-band fluctuating wind force with non-zero mean component based on energy balance.” [In Japanese.] J. Struct. Constr. Eng. 71 (608): 21–28. https://doi.org/10.3130/aijs.71.21_3.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 147 • Issue 10 • October 2021
Copyright
© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Nov 4, 2020
Accepted: May 7, 2021
Published online: Jul 26, 2021
Published in print: Oct 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 26, 2021
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.
Cited by
- Jingying Tian, Xinzhong Chen, Influence of biaxial interaction of hysteretic restoring base forces on wind-induced inelastic response of base-isolated tall buildings, Advances in Structural Engineering, 10.1177/13694332221130794, 25, 16, (3235-3254), (2022).