Dual-Functional Electromagnetic Energy Harvesting and Vortex-Induced Vibration Control of an Elastically Mounted Circular Cylinder
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 144, Issue 3
Abstract
A self-powered active support system, which produces a control force using the energy regenerated by a transversely mounted linear electromagnetic (EM) damper, is applied for two-dimensional (2D) (streamwise/cross-flow) vortex-induced vibration (VIV) suppression of an oscillating circular cylinder in low Reynolds number flow (). In addition, a passive energy generating system is devised that achieves a proper trade-off between VIV suppression and energy harvesting actions with the EM damper acting in either the regeneration or the dissipation mode. A multifield cosimulation scheme, which links an active proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller along with the switch-based energy harvesting circuit of the EM damper (implemented in MATLAB/Simulink) to the plant model (constructed via a user-defined function in a commercial finite volume solver), is designed and implemented. Numerical simulations compare the effects of the passive and active EM-generating systems on 2D VIV suppression of the elastic cylinder as well as on the time evolution of cylinder force coefficients. They demonstrate that the adopted self-powered (tuned) active energy harvesting system, which does not require an external power supply and makes intelligent use of the stored electrical energy for producing the required transverse control force, efficiently balances the regenerated and consumed energies by proper switching between three distinct (regeneration, drive, and brake) modes of EM device operation. It can particularly provide improved cylinder VIV suppression with lower power consumption via enhanced collaborative action between different modes of the EM device. Moreover, the selected system is also found to be effective for other Reynolds numbers in the lock-in region.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
References
Abdelkefi, A., Hajj, M., and Nayfeh, A. (2012). “Phenomena and modeling of piezoelectric energy harvesting from freely oscillating cylinders.” Nonlinear Dyn., 70(2), 1377–1388.
Ahmed, R., and Banerjee, S. (2015). “Predictive electromechanical model for energy scavengers using patterned piezoelectric layers.” J. Eng. Mech., 04014113.
Aithal, R., and Gipson, G. S. (1990). “Instability of internally damped curved pipes.” J. Eng. Mech., 77–90.
Akhtar, I., and Nayfeh, A. H. (2010). “Model based control of laminar wake using fluidic actuation.” J. Comput. Nonlinear Dyn., 5(4), 1–36.
Ali, S. F., and Adhikari, S. (2013). “Energy harvesting dynamic vibration absorbers.” J. Appl. Mech., 80(4), 041004.
Anagnostopoulos, P., and Bearman, P. (1992). “Response characteristics of a vortex-excited cylinder at low Reynolds numbers.” J. Fluids Struct., 6(1), 39–50.
Armfield, S., and Street, R. (1999). “The fractional-step method for the Navier-Stokes equations on staggered grids: The accuracy of three variations.” J. Comput. Phys., 153(2), 660–665.
Barrero-Gil, A., Pindado, S., and Avila, S. (2012). “Extracting energy from vortex-induced vibrations: A parametric study.” Appl. Math. Modell., 36(7), 3153–3160.
Baz, A., and Kim, M. (1993). “Active modal control of vortex-induced vibrations of a flexible cylinder.” J. Sound Vib., 165(1), 69–84.
Baz, A., and Ro, J. (1991). “Active control of flow-induced vibrations of a flexible cylinder using direct velocity feedback.” J. Sound Vib., 146(1), 33–45.
Bearman, P. (2011). “Circular cylinder wakes and vortex-induced vibrations.” J. Fluids Struct., 27(5), 648–658.
Bearman, P., and Branković, M. (2004). “Experimental studies of passive control of vortex-induced vibration.” Eur. J. Mech. B. Fluids, 23(1), 9–15.
Berger, E. (1967). “Suppression of vortex shedding and turbulence behind oscillating cylinders.” Phys. Fluids, 10(9), S191–193.
Blevins, R. D. (1990). Flow-induced vibration, Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York.
Bogue, R. (2015). “Energy harvesting: A review of recent developments.” Sens. Rev., 35(1), 1–5.
Brennan, M., Tang, B., Melo, G. P., and Lopes, V. (2014). “An investigation into the simultaneous use of a resonator as an energy harvester and a vibration absorber.” J. Sound Vib., 333(5), 1331–1343.
Bruneau, C.-H., and Mortazavi, I. (2008). “Numerical modelling and passive flow control using porous media.” Comput. Fluids, 37(5), 488–498.
Cassidy, I. L., and Scruggs, J. T. (2013). “Nonlinear stochastic controllers for power-flow-constrained vibratory energy harvesters.” J. Sound Vib., 332(13), 3134–3147.
Chan, A. S., Dewey, P. A., Jameson, A., Liang, C., and Smits, A. J. (2011). “Vortex suppression and drag reduction in the wake of counter-rotating cylinders.” J. Fluid Mech., 679(Jul), 343–382.
Chen, W., Li, M., Zheng, Z., Guo, S., and Gan, K. (2015a). “Impacts of top-end vessel sway on vortex-induced vibration of the submarine riser for a floating platform in deep water.” Ocean Eng., 99(May), 1–8.
Chen, W., Zheng, Z., and Li, M. (2010). “Multi-mode vortex-induced vibration of slender cable experiencing shear flow.” Procedia Eng., 4, 145–152.
Chen, W.-L., Zhang, Q.-Q., Li, H., and Hu, H. (2015b). “An experimental investigation on vortex induced vibration of a flexible inclined cable under a shear flow.” J. Fluids Struct., 54(Apr), 297–311.
Chen, Z., Fan, B., Zhou, B., and Aubry, N. (2005). “Control of vortex shedding behind a circular cylinder using electromagnetic forces.” Mod. Phys. Lett. B, 19(28–29), 1627–1630.
Cheng, L., Zhou, Y., and Zhang, M. (2003). “Perturbed interaction between vortex shedding and induced vibration.” J. Fluids Struct., 17(7), 887–901.
Dai, H., Abdelkefi, A., Javed, U., and Wang, L. (2015a). “Modeling and performance of electromagnetic energy harvesting from galloping oscillations.” Smart Mater. Struct., 24(4), 045012.
Dai, H., Abdelkefi, A., Wang, L., and Liu, W. (2015b). “Time-delay feedback controller for amplitude reduction in vortex-induced vibrations.” Nonlinear Dyn., 80(1–2), 59–70.
Energy Institute. (2008). Guidelines for the avoidance of vibration induced fatigue failure in process pipework, Great Britian, London.
FLUENT version 6.3.26 [Computer software]. Fluent, Lebanon, NH.
Fujisawa, N., Kawaji, Y., and Ikemoto, K. (2001). “Feedback control of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder by rotational oscillations.” J. Fluids Struct., 15(1), 23–37.
Giurgiutiu, V. (2000). “Review of smart-materials actuation solutions for aeroelastic and vibration control.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 11(7), 525–544.
Goswami, I., Scanlan, R. H., and Jones, N. P. (1993). “Vortex-induced vibration of circular cylinders. I: Experimental data.” J. Eng. Mech., 2270–2287.
Harne, R. L. (2013). “Modeling and analysis of distributed electromagnetic oscillators for broadband vibration attenuation and concurrent energy harvesting.” Appl. Math. Modell., 37(6), 4360–4370.
Hasheminejad, S. M., Rabiee, A. H., Jarrahi, M., and Markazi, A. (2014). “Active vortex-induced vibration control of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers using an adaptive fuzzy sliding mode controller.” J. Fluids Struct., 50(Oct), 49–65.
Hiejima, S., Nomura, T., Kimura, K., and Fujino, Y. (1997). “Numerical study on the suppression of the vortex-induced vibration of a circular cylinder by acoustic excitation.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 67–68(Apr–Jun), 325–335.
How, B., Ge, S., and Choo, Y. (2009). “Active control of flexible marine risers.” J. Sound Vib., 320(4), 758–776.
Hsiao, F., and Shyu, J. (1991). “Influence of internal acoustic excitation upon flow passing a circular cylinder.” J. Fluids Struct., 5(4), 427–442.
Kevlahan, N.-R. (2011). “The role of vortex wake dynamics in the flow-induced vibration of tube arrays.” J. Fluids Struct., 27(5), 829–837.
Killian, C. (2005). Modern control technology: Components and systems, Thompson Delmar, Clifton Park, NJ.
Korkischko, I., and Meneghini, J. R. (2010). “Experimental investigation of flow-induced vibration on isolated and tandem circular cylinders fitted with strakes.” J. Fluids Struct., 26(4), 611–625.
Korkischko, I., and Meneghini, J. R. (2012). “Suppression of vortex-induced vibration using moving surface boundary-layer control.” J. Fluids Struct., 34(Oct), 259–270.
Liangjie, M., Qingyou, L., Shouwei, Z., Jiang, W., Zhengli, L., and Tao, P. (2015). “Vortex-induced vibration mechanism of drilling riser under shear flow.” Pet. Explor. Dev., 42(1), 112–118.
MATLAB/Simulink [Computer software]. MathWorks, Natick, MA.
Mehmood, A., Abdelkefi, A., Akhtar, I., Nayfeh, A., Nuhait, A., and Hajj, M. (2014). “Linear and nonlinear active feedback controls for vortex-induced vibrations of circular cylinders.” J. Vib. Control, 20(8), 1137–1147.
Mehmood, A., Abdelkefi, A., Hajj, M., Nayfeh, A., Akhtar, I., and Nuhait, A. (2013). “Piezoelectric energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of circular cylinder.” J. Sound Vib., 332(19), 4656–4667.
Meliga, P., Chomaz, J.-M., and Gallaire, F. (2011). “Extracting energy from a flow: An asymptotic approach using vortex-induced vibrations and feedback control.” J. Fluids Struct., 27(5), 861–874.
Montazeri-Gh, M., and Kavianipour, O. (2012). “Investigation of the passive electromagnetic damper.” Acta Mech., 223(12), 2633–2646.
Montazeri-Gh, M., and Kavianipour, O. (2014). “Investigation of the active electromagnetic suspension system considering hybrid control strategy.” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part C, 228(10), 1658–1669.
Muddada, S., and Patnaik, B. (2010). “An active flow control strategy for the suppression of vortex structures behind a circular cylinder.” Eur. J. Mech. B. Fluids, 29(2), 93–104.
Muralidharan, K., Muddada, S., and Patnaik, B. (2013). “Numerical simulation of vortex induced vibrations and its control by suction and blowing.” Appl. Math. Modell., 37(1), 284–307.
Nakano, K., Suda, Y., and Nakadai, S. (2003). “Self-powered active vibration control using a single electric actuator.” J. Sound Vib., 260(2), 213–235.
Nishi, Y., Ueno, Y., Nishio, M., Quadrante, L. A. R., and Kokubun, K. (2014). “Power extraction using flow-induced vibration of a circular cylinder placed near another fixed cylinder.” J. Sound Vib., 333(10), 2863–2880.
Owen, J. C., Bearman, P. W., and Szewczyk, A. A. (2001). “Passive control of VIV with drag reduction.” J. Fluids Struct., 15(3), 597–605.
Placzek, A., Sigrist, J.-F., and Hamdouni, A. (2009). “Numerical simulation of an oscillating cylinder in a cross-flow at low Reynolds number: Forced and free oscillations.” Comput. Fluids, 38(1), 80–100.
Poh, S., and Baz, A. (1996). “A demonstration of adaptive least-mean-square control of small amplitude vortex-induced vibrations.” J. Fluids Struct., 10(6), 615–632.
Prasanth, T., and Mittal, S. (2008a). “Free v/s forced vibrations of a cylinder at low Re.” Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn., 22(8), 583–592.
Prasanth, T., and Mittal, S. (2008b). “Vortex-induced vibrations of a circular cylinder at low Reynolds numbers.” J. Fluid Mech., 594(Jan), 463–491.
Protas, B., and Wesfreid, J. (2002). “Drag force in the open-loop control of the cylinder wake in the laminar regime.” Phys. Fluids, 14(2), 810–826.
Purohit, A., Darpe, A. K., and Singh, S. P. (2014). “A study on aerodynamic sound from an externally excited flexible structure in flow.” Comput. Fluids, 103(Nov), 100–115.
Quadrante, L. A. R., and Nishi, Y. (2014). “Amplification/suppression of flow-induced motions of an elastically mounted circular cylinder by attaching tripping wires.” J. Fluids Struct., 48(Jul), 93–102.
Rafique, S., Bonello, P., and Shuttleworth, R. (2013). “Experimental validation of a novel smart electromechanical tuned mass damper beam device.” J. Sound Vib., 332(20), 4912–4926.
Rao, Z., Fu, S., and Yang, J. (2011). “Vortex-induced vibration analysis of steel catenary riser.” J. Ship Mech., 15(3), 243–258.
Schäfer, F., Müller, S., Uffinger, T., Becker, S., Grabinger, J., and Kaltenbacher, M. (2010). “Fluid-structure-acoustic interaction of the flow past a thin flexible structure.” AIAA J., 48(4), 738–748.
Shao, C., and Wang, J. (2007). “Control of mean and fluctuating forces on a circular cylinder at high Reynolds numbers.” Acta Mech. Sin., 23(2), 133–143.
Shen, W., and Zhu, S. (2015). “Harvesting energy via electromagnetic damper: Application to bridge stay cables.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 26(1), 3–19.
Shen, W.-A., Zhu, S., and Xu, Y.-L. (2012). “An experimental study on self-powered vibration control and monitoring system using electromagnetic TMD and wireless sensors.” Sens. Actuators, A, 180(Jun), 166–176.
Singh, S., and Mittal, S. (2005). “Vortex-induced oscillations at low Reynolds numbers: Hysteresis and vortex-shedding modes.” J. Fluids Struct., 20(8), 1085–1104.
Spreemann, D., and Manoli, Y. (2012). Electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting devices: Architectures, design, modeling and optimization, Springer, Dordrecht, Netherlands.
Tandel, V. D., and Patil, R. V. (2014). “A Survey on vortex induced vibration of cross flow heat exchanger tubes.” Int. J. Eng. Research Tech., 3(2), 1191–1193.
Tang, H., Salunkhe, P., Zheng, Y., Du, J., and Wu, Y. (2014). “On the use of synthetic jet actuator arrays for active flow separation control.” Exp. Therm Fluid Sci., 57(Sep), 1–10.
Tang, X., and Zuo, L. (2012). “Simultaneous energy harvesting and vibration control of structures with tuned mass dampers.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 23(18), 2117–2127.
Tumkur, R. K. R., Domany, E., Gendelman, O. V., Masud, A., Bergman, L. A., and Vakakis, A. F. (2013). “Reduced-order model for laminar vortex-induced vibration of a rigid circular cylinder with an internal nonlinear absorber.” Commun. Nonlinear Sci. Numer. Simul., 18(7), 1916–1930.
Unal, M., and Rockwell, D. (1988). “On vortex formation from a cylinder. Part 2. Control by splitter-plate interference.” J. Fluid Mech., 190(May), 513–529.
Venanzi, I., Ubertini, F., and Materazzi, A. L. (2013). “Optimal design of an array of active tuned mass dampers for wind-exposed high-rise buildings.” Struct. Control Health Monit., 20(6), 903–917.
Venkatraman, K., and Narayanan, S. (1993). “Active control of flow-induced vibration.” J. Sound Vib., 162(1), 43–55.
Vicente-Ludlam, D., Barrero-Gil, A., and Velazquez, A. (2014). “Optimal electromagnetic energy extraction from transverse galloping.” J. Fluids Struct., 51(Nov), 281–291.
Wang, C., Tang, H., Duan, F., and Simon, C. (2016). “Control of wakes and vortex-induced vibrations of a single circular cylinder using synthetic jets.” J. Fluids Struct., 60(Jan), 160–179.
Wang, J., Fu, S., Baarholm, R., Wu, J., and Larsen, C. M. (2015). “Fatigue damage induced by vortex-induced vibrations in oscillatory flow.” Mar. Struct., 40(Jan), 73–91.
Wang, Y., and Inman, D. J. (2012). “A survey of control strategies for simultaneous vibration suppression and energy harvesting via piezoceramics.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 23(18), 2021–2037.
Warui, H., and Fujisawa, N. (1996). “Feedback control of vortex shedding from a circular cylinder by cross-flow cylinder oscillations.” Exp. Fluids, 21(1), 49–56.
Williams, D. R., Mansy, H., and Amato, C. (1992). “The response and symmetry properties of a cylinder wake subjected to localized surface excitation.” J. Fluid Mech., 234(Jan), 71–96.
Wu, H., Sun, D., Lu, L., Teng, B., Tang, G., and Song, J. (2012a). “Experimental investigation on the suppression of vortex-induced vibration of long flexible riser by multiple control rods.” J. Fluids Struct., 30(Apr), 115–132.
Wu, W., Yuan, J., and Cheng, L. (2007). “Multi-high-frequency perturbation effects on flow-induced vibration control.” J. Sound Vib., 305(1), 226–242.
Wu, X., Ge, F., and Hong, Y. (2012b). “A review of recent studies on vortex-induced vibrations of long slender cylinders.” J. Fluids Struct., 28(Jan), 292–308.
Xiang, J., Wu, Y., and Li, D. (2015). “Energy harvesting from the discrete gust response of a piezoaeroelastic wing: Modeling and performance evaluation.” J. Sound Vib., 343(May), 176–193.
Xiao, Q., and Zhu, Q. (2014). “A review on flow energy harvesters based on flapping foils.” J. Fluids Struct., 46(Apr), 174–191.
Xu, F., Chen, W.-L., Xiao, Y.-Q., Li, H., and Ou, J.-P. (2014). “Numerical study on the suppression of the vortex-induced vibration of an elastically mounted cylinder by a traveling wave wall.” J. Fluids Struct., 44(Jan), 145–165.
Yeo, D., and Jones, N. P. (2011). “Computational study on aerodynamic mitigation of wind-induced, large-amplitude vibrations of stay cables with strakes.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 99(4), 389–399.
Zdravkovich, M. M. (1981). “Review and classification of various aerodynamic and hydrodynamic means for suppressing vortex shedding.” J. Wind Eng. Ind. Aerodyn., 7(2), 145–189.
Zhang, H., Fan, B.-C., Chen, Z.-H., and Li, H.-Z. (2014). “Numerical study of the suppression mechanism of vortex-induced vibration by symmetric Lorentz forces.” J. Fluids Struct., 48(Jul), 62–80.
Zhang, M., Cheng, L., and Zhou, Y. (2004). “Closed-loop-controlled vortex shedding and vibration of a flexibly supported square cylinder under different schemes.” Phys. Fluids, 16(5), 1439–1448.
Zuo, L., and Cui, W. (2013). “Dual-functional energy-harvesting and vibration control: Electromagnetic resonant shunt series tuned mass dampers.” J. Vib. Acoust., 135(5), 051018.
Zuo, L., Scully, B., Shestani, J., and Zhou, Y. (2010). “Design and characterization of an electromagnetic energy harvester for vehicle suspensions.” Smart Mater. Struct., 19(4), 045003.
Zuo, L., and Tang, X. (2013). “Large-scale vibration energy harvesting.” J. Intell. Mater. Syst. Struct., 24(11), 1405–1430.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 144 • Issue 3 • March 2018
Copyright
©2017 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Jun 4, 2016
Accepted: Aug 8, 2017
Published online: Dec 29, 2017
Published in print: Mar 1, 2018
Discussion open until: May 29, 2018
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.