Multilevel Computational Model for Failure Analysis of Steel-Fiber–Reinforced Concrete Structures
Publication: Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 142, Issue 11
Abstract
A multilevel modeling framework for the failure analyses of structures made of steel-fiber–reinforced concrete (SFRC), which allows researchers to follow the effects of design parameters such as fiber type, distribution, and orientation from the scale of fiber–matrix interaction to the structural behavior, is proposed. The basic ingredient at the level of single fibers is an analytical model for the prediction of the pullout response of straight or hooked-end fibers. For an opening crack in a specific SFRC composite, the fiber bridging effect is computed via the integration of the pullout response of all fibers intercepting the crack, taking anisotropic fiber orientations into consideration. For the finite-element analysis of the failure behavior of SFRC structures, interface solid elements are used to represent cracks. The softening behavior of opening cracks is governed by cohesive tractions and the fiber bridging effect. The use of an implicit/explicit integration scheme enhances the computational robustness considerably. Numerical analyses of selected benchmark problems demonstrate that the model is able to predict the structural response for different fiber cocktails in good agreement with experimental results.
Get full access to this article
View all available purchase options and get full access to this article.
Acknowledgments
Financial support was provided by the German Research Foundation (DFG) in the framework of project B2 of the Collaborative Research Center SFB 837 “Interaction modeling in mechanized tunneling.” This support is gratefully acknowledged. The authors also would like to thank Mr. F. Song and Prof. Dr. R. Breitenbücher of the Institute of Building Materials at Ruhr University Bochum for considering the specific requirements of the authors regarding model validation while performing the experimental tests presented in this paper.
References
Babut, R. (1986). “Structural investigation of steel fibre reinforced concrete.” Heron, 31(2), 29–43.
Barragán, B., Gettu, R., Martín, M., and Zerbino, R. (2003). “Uniaxial tension test for steel fibre reinforced concrete—A parametric study.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 25(7), 767–777.
Bažant, Z. (2002). “Concrete fracture models: Testing and practice.” Eng. Fract. Mech., 69(2), 165–205.
Bolander, J., and Saito, S. (1997). “Discrete modeling of short-fiber reinforcement in cementitious composites.” Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 6(3–4), 76–86.
Bordelon, A., and Roesler, J. R. (2014). “Spatial distribution of synthetic fibers in concrete with X-ray computed tomography.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 53, 35–43.
Breitenbücher, R., Meschke, G., Song, F., and Zhan, Y. (2014). “Experimental, analytical and numerical analysis of the pullout behaviour of steel fibres considering different fibre types, inclinations and concrete strengths.” Struct. Concr., 15(2), 126–135.
Brokenshire, D. (1996). “A study of torsional fracture tests.” Ph.D. thesis, Cardiff Univ., Cardiff, U.K.
Camacho, G., and Ortiz, M. (1996). “Computational modelling of impact damage in brittle materials.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 33(20–22), 2899–2938.
Caner, F., Bažant, Z., and Wendner, R. (2013). “Microplane model M7f for fiber reinforced concrete.” Eng. Fract. Mech., 105, 41–57.
Caratelli, A., Meda, A., Rinaldi, Z., and Romualdi, P. (2011). “Structural behaviour of precast tunnel segments in fiber reinforced concrete.” Tunnell. Underground Space Technol., 26(2), 284–291.
Chen, X., Beyerlein, I., and Brinson, L. (2009a). “Curved-fiber pull-out model for nanocomposites. I: Bonded stage formulation.” Mech. Mater., 41(3), 279–292.
Chen, X., Beyerlein, I., and Brinson, L. (2009b). “Curved-fiber pull-out model for nanocomposites. II: Interfacial debonding and sliding.” Mech. Mater., 41(3), 293–307.
Cunha, V. (2010). “Steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete (from micromechanics to composite behavior).” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Minho, Braga, Portugal.
Cunha, V., Barros, J., and Sena-Cruz, J. (2011). “An integrated approach for modelling the tensile behaviour of steel fibre reinforced self-compacting concrete.” Cem. Concr. Res., 41(1), 64–76.
Cunha, V., Barros, J., and Sena-Cruz, J. (2012). “A finite element model with discrete embedded elements for fibre reinforced composites.” Comput. Struct., 94–95, 22–33.
Deeb, R., Karihaloo, B., and Kulasegaram, S. (2014). “Reorientation of short steel fibres during the flow of self-compacting concrete mix and determination of the fibre orientation factor.” Cem. Concr. Res., 56, 112–120.
Denneman, E., Wua, R., Kearsley, E., and Visser, A. (2011). “Discrete fracture in high performance fibre reinforced concrete materials.” Eng. Fract. Mech., 78(10), 2235–2245.
Dupont, D., and Vandewalle, L. (2005). “Distribution of steel fibres in rectangular sections.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 27(3), 391–398.
Fantilli, A., and Vallini, P. (2007). “A cohesive interface model for the pullout of inclined steel fibers in cementitious matrixes.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 5(2), 247–258.
Ferrara, L., Faifer, M., and Toscani, S. (2012). “A magnetic method for non destructive monitoring of fiber dispersion and orientation in steel fiber reinforced cementitious composites. I: Method calibration.” Mater. Struct., 45(4), 575–589.
Folgar, F., and Tucker, C. (1984). “Orientation behavior of fibers in concentrated suspensions.” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., 3(2), 98–119.
Gödde, L., and Mark, P. (2010). “Numerical modelling of failure mechanisms and redistribution effects in steel fibre reinforced concrete slabs.” Computational modelling of concrete structures (EURO-C 2010), N. Bićanić, R. de Borst, H. Mang, and G. Meschke, eds., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 611–621.
Ingraffea, A., and Saouma, V. (1985). “Numerical modeling of discrete crack propagation in reinforced and plain concrete.” Fracture mechanics of concrete: Structural application and numerical calculation, G. Sih and A. DiTommaso, eds., Springer, Netherlands, 171–225.
Jirásek, M., and Bažant, Z. (2002). Inelastic analysis of structures, Wiley, Chichester, U.K.
Jun, P., and Mechtcherine, V. (2010). “Behaviour of strain-hardening cement-based composites (SHCC) under monotonic and cyclic tensile loading. II: Modelling.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 32(10), 810–818.
Kabele, P. (2007). “Multiscale framework for modeling of fracture in high performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites.” Eng. Fract. Mech., 74(1–2), 194–209.
Kang, J., Kim, K., Lim, Y., and Bolander, J. (2014). “Modeling of fiber-reinforced cement composites: Discrete representation of fiber pullout.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 51(10), 1970–1979.
Kesner, K., Billington, S., and Douglas, K. (2003). “Cyclic response of highly ductile fiber-reinforced cement-based composites.” ACI Mater. J., 100(5), 381–390.
Kooiman, A., van der Veen, C., and Walraven, J. (2000). “Modelling the post-cracking behaviour of steel fibre reinforced concrete for structural design purposes.” Heron, 45(4), 275–307.
Laranjeira, F., Aguado, A., Molins, C., Grünewald, S., Walraven, J., and Cavalaro, S. (2012). “Framework to predict the orientation of fibers in FRC: A novel philosophy.” Cem. Concr. Res., 42(6), 752–768.
Lee, S.-C., Cho, J.-Y., and Vecchio, F. (2011). “Diverse embedment model for steel fiber-reinforced concrete in tension: Model development & model verification.” ACI Mater. J., 108(5), 516–525.
Leung, C., and Shapiro, N. (1999). “Optimal steel fiber strength for reinforcement of cementitious materials.” J. Mater. Civ. Eng., 11(2), 116–123.
Li, V. (2003). “On engineered cementitious composites (ECC)—A review of the material and its applications.” J. Adv. Concr. Technol., 1(3), 215–230.
Li, V., and Stang, H. (1997). “Interface property characterization and strengthening mechanisms in fiber reinforced cement based composites.” Adv. Cem. Based Mater., 6(1), 1–20.
Mang, H., Meschke, G., Lackner, R., and Mosler, J. (2003). “Computational modelling of concrete structures.” Comprehensive structural integrity, I. Milne, R. Ritchie, and B. Karihaloo, eds., Vol. 3, Elsevier, Amsterdam, Netherlands, 1–67.
Manzoli, O., Gamino, A., Rodrigues, E., and Claro, G. (2012). “Modeling of interfaces in two-dimensional problems using solid finite elements with high aspect ratio.” Comput. Struct., 94–95, 70–82.
Manzoli, O., Maedo, M., Rodrigues, E., and Bittencourt, T. (2014). “Modeling of multiple cracks in reinforced concrete members using solid finite elements with high aspect ratio.” Proc., Computational modelling of concrete structures (EURO-C 2014), N. Bićanić, H. Mang, G. Meschke, and R. deBorst, eds., CRC Press/Balkema, NL, 383–392.
Moreno, D., Trono, W., Jen, G., Ostertag, C., and Billington, S. (2014). “Tension stiffening in reinforced high performance fiber reinforced cement-based composites.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 50, 36–46.
Naaman, A., Namur, G., Alwan, J., and Najm, H. (1991a). “Fiber pullout and bond slip. I: Analytical study.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(9), 2769–2790.
Naaman, A., Namur, G., Alwan, J., and Najm, H. (1991b). “Fiber pullout and bond slip. II: Experimental validation.” J. Struct. Eng., 117(9), 2791–2800.
Oliver, J. (2000). “On the discrete constitutive models induced by strong discontinuity kinematics and continuum constitutive equations.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 37(48–50), 7207–7229.
Oliver, J., Huespe, A., and Cante, J. (2008). “An implicit/explicit integration scheme to increase computability of non-linear material and contact/friction problems.” Comput. Methods Appl. Mech. Eng., 197(21–24), 1865–1889.
Oliver, J., Mora, D., Huespe, A., and Weyler, R. (2012). “A micromorphic model for steel fiber reinforced concrete.” Int. J. Solids Struct., 49(21), 2990–3007.
Putke, T., Song, F., Zhan, Y., Mark, P., Breitenbücher, R., and Meschke, G. (2014). “Development of hybrid steel-fibre reinforced concrete tunnel lining segments: Experimental and numerical analyses from material to structural level (in German).” Bauingenieur, 89, 447–456.
Radtke, F., Simone, A., and Sluys, L. (2011). “A partition of unity finite element method for simulating non-linear debonding and matrix failure in thin fibre composites.” Int. J. Numer. Methods Eng., 86(4–5), 453–476.
Robins, P., Austin, S., and Jones, P. (2002). “Pull-out behaviour of hooked steel fibres.” Mater. Struct., 35(7), 434–442.
Sánchez, M., Manzoli, O., and Guimarães, L. (2014). “Modeling 3-d desiccation soil crack networks using a mesh fragmentation technique.” Comput. Geotech., 62, 27–39.
Schauffert, E., and Cusatis, G. (2012). “Lattice discrete particle model for fiber-reinforced concrete. I: Theory.” J. Eng. Mech., 138(7), 826–833.
Schauffert, E., Cusatis, G., Pelessone, D., O’Daniel, J., and Baylot, J. (2012). “Lattice discrete particle model for fiber-reinforced concrete. II: Tensile fracture and multiaxial loading behavior.” J. Eng. Mech., 138(7), 834–841.
Shah, S. P., and Naaman, A. E. (1976). “Mechanical properties of glass and steel fiber reinforced mortar.” J. Am. Concr. Inst., 73(1), 50–53.
Soetens, T., Gysel, A. V., Matthys, S., and Taerwe, L. (2013). “A semi-analytical model to predict the pull-out behaviour of inclined hooked-end steel fibres.” Constr. Build. Mater., 43, 253–265.
Soetens, T., and Matthys, S. (2014). “Different methods to model the post-cracking behaviour of hooked-end steel fibre reinforced concrete.” Constr. Build. Mater., 73, 458–471.
Susetyo, J. (2009). “Fibre reinforcement for shrinkage crack control in prestressed, precast segmental bridges.” Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto.
Tailhan, J.-L., Rossi, P., and Daviau-Desnoyers, D. (2015). “Probabilistic numerical modelling of cracking in steel fibre reinforced concretes (SFRC) structures.” Cem. Concr. Compos., 55, 315–321.
Teng, T., Chu, Y., Chang, F., and Chin, H. (2004). “Calculating the elastic moduli of steel-fiber reinforced concrete using a dedicated empirical formula.” Comput. Mater. Sci., 31(3–4), 337–346.
Wang, Y., Backer, S., and Li, V. (1989). “A statistical tensile model of fibre reinforced cementitious composites.” Composites, 20(3), 265–274.
Xie, M., and Gerstle, W. (1995). “Energy-based cohesive crack propagation modeling.” J. Eng. Mech., 121(12), 1349–1358.
Zhan, Y., and Meschke, G. (2014). “Analytical model for the pullout behavior of straight and hooked-end steel fibers.” J. Eng. Mech., 140(12), 040140911–0401409113.
Information & Authors
Information
Published In
Journal of Engineering Mechanics
Volume 142 • Issue 11 • November 2016
Copyright
© 2016 American Society of Civil Engineers.
History
Received: Feb 15, 2016
Accepted: Jun 16, 2016
Published online: Jul 27, 2016
Published in print: Nov 1, 2016
Discussion open until: Dec 27, 2016
Authors
Metrics & Citations
Metrics
Citations
Download citation
If you have the appropriate software installed, you can download article citation data to the citation manager of your choice. Simply select your manager software from the list below and click Download.