Catalytic Ozonation of Ciprofloxacin with Cu–Al Layered Double Hydroxides Based on Response Surface Analysis
Publication: Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 148, Issue 4
Abstract
Cu–Al layered double hydroxides (Cu–Al LDHs) were prepared by coprecipitation and used as a catalyst in heterogeneous a catalytic ozonation of ciprofloxacin. The structure of the synthesized Cu–Al LDHs was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and Fourier-transform infrared spectra. Experimental results showed that the LDHs had the best crystallization structure and the highest catalytic efficiency for ozonation. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to optimize the operation conditions of ozone dose, ozone dosage, and initial pH. Under the optimal conditions (, LDH dosage , ozone dosage ), the total organic carbon (TOC) removal of ciprofloxacin by catalytic ozonation method can be as high as 72%. In addition, the TOC removal of ozone alone was about 30%, and the adsorption process contributed about 10%. Hydroxyl radicals, superoxide radicals, and singlet oxygen were proved to be involved in this process through electron paramagnetic resonance tests. Several degradation products were determined with LC-MS, suggesting that the pathway for ciprofloxacin degradation might include a substitution reaction, decarboxylation reaction, ring-opening reaction, and oxidation reaction.
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Data Availability Statement
All data, models, or code that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51208299) and the Science and Technology Development Project at the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (Nos. 2018KJFZ101 and 2020KJFZ112).
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Received: Oct 18, 2021
Accepted: Dec 14, 2021
Published online: Feb 10, 2022
Published in print: Apr 1, 2022
Discussion open until: Jul 10, 2022
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