Abstract
Turbulence is inherent in clarification basin systems; turbulence is challenging to quantify, yet directly impacting particulate matter (PM) separation. In computational fluid dynamic (CFD), Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) turbulence models are widely adopted for computational efficiency. However, the accuracy of RANS is less examined in clarification systems. RANS models without benchmarking can potentially cast doubt or false confidence for results. In this study, common RANS models are applied to steady-flow clarification. Results are examined against high-resolution large-eddy simulations (LES) by high-order spectral element method (SEM) Nek5000 and laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) for three deflector configurations: (1) one-sided, (2) two-sided, and (3) no deflector. RANS model’s relative mean differences with respect to LES ranges from 13.9% to 41.4% and 32.7% to 105.1% in streamwise and vertical velocities, varying with configurations. LES predictions were improved from RANS. LES and RANS differences transcend hydrodynamics and persist for PM. Across configurations, RANS models of PM separation are predominately lower than LES. RANS model variability is discerned across clarifier configurations, decreasing with increasing PM diameter.
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Data Availability Statement
Some or all data, models, or code generated or used during the study are available in a repository online in accordance with funder data retention policies. The source code and compilation instructions of -Omega2006 for OpenFOAM are available at GitHub repository (https://github.com/Rdfing/TurbulenceModels). An example of computation case of two-sided deflector configuration with -OmegaSST in OpenFOAM are available at GitHub repository (https://github.com/Rdfing/benchmarkCasesRANS/tree/master/benchmarkCases/two-sided-deflector/kOmegaSST).
Acknowledgments
This research (P0089833) was supported by United States Geological Survey funding through the Water Resources Research Institute in ESSIE at the University of Florida.
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Journal of Environmental Engineering
Volume 147 • Issue 9 • September 2021
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© 2021 American Society of Civil Engineers.
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Received: Nov 6, 2020
Accepted: Mar 26, 2021
Published online: Jul 13, 2021
Published in print: Sep 1, 2021
Discussion open until: Dec 13, 2021
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